THE UNION IN PERIL: CAUSES OF THE CIVIL WAR CHAPTER 10 Section 3 Birth of the Republican Party Why were new political parties emerging in the mid-1800’s?

1.Franklin __________was elected President in James __________ was elected President in Nativists were opposed to ____________. 4.The Republican party first ran a candidate for president in _________ (1848, 1852, 1856, 1860) 5.Horace _________ was a newspaper editor and helped to found the Republican Party.

MATCHING a b. 1852c. 1856d Winfield Scott ran for President in ____. 2.Franklin Pierce was elected President in ___ 3.The Republican party first ran a candidate for president in _________. FILL IN THE BLANK 4. The Know-Nothings were also known as_______. 5. Horace Greeley’s profession (job) was ______.

MATCHING 1848 b. 1852c. 1856d Franklin Pierce was elected President in ____ 2.James Buchanan was elected President in ___ 3.The Republican party first ran a candidate for president in _________. FILL IN THE BLANK 4. The Know-Nothing party was anti- _________. 5. Horace Greeley helped to found the ________ Party.

YOUR EXPERIENCE: What political parties do you know? What are their characteristics? What are their goals? Who do they represent?

Why were new political parties emerging in the mid-1800’s?

NEW POLITICAL PARTIES Know-Nothing Party (Nativism): formed in 1849, favors native-born people over immigrants, anti-Catholic, and originally a secret-society. Free-Soil Party (Anti-slavery): formed in 1848 to oppose extension of slavery into the territories. Republican Party : Founded in 1854 to oppose Kansas-Nebraska Act and keep slavery out of territories. Absorbed parts of the Whigs, Free- soilers, and Know-nothing parties.

Election of 1852 The Whig Party nominates Mexican war hero Winfield Scott. Scott opposes the Fugitive Slave Act. This infuriates Southern Whigs. Whig Party splits over slavery. Democratic candidate Franklin Pierce becomes President in See

Whigs Democrats S. WhigsN. Whigs Democrats 1852 Franklin Pierce 1848 Free Soil Party Republican Party 1856 James Buchanan Know-Nothings

Election of 1856 Search for “Kansas-less” candidates Republicans (new party) pick John C. Fremont PLATFORM: No further extension of slavery Democrats pick James Buchanan PLATFORM: Popular sovereignty in territories American/Nativists pick ex-Pres. Fillmore PLATFORM: anti-Catholic, anti-immigrant RESULT: Buchanan wins, Democrats are split N & S See

Complete HarpWeek Explanation: Abraham Lincoln's supporters are portrayed as radicals and eccentrics of various stripes. The satire is loosely based on an anti-Fremont cartoon from the previous presidential race, "The Great Republican Reform Party" (no ), also issued by Nathaniel Currier. Here Lincoln, sitting astride a wooden rail borne by Horace Greeley, leads his followers toward a lunatic asylum. Greeley instructs him, "Hold on to me Abe, and we'll go in here by the unanimous consent of the people." Lincoln exhorts his followers, "Now my friends I'm almost in, and the millennium is going to begin, so ask what you will and it shall be granted." At the head of the group is a bearded man, arm-in-arm with a woman and a Mormon. He claims to "represent the free love element, and expect to have free license to carry out its principles." The woman looks at Lincoln, saying "Oh! what a beautiful man he is, I feel a {grave}passionate attraction' every time I see his lovely face." The Mormon adds, "I want religion abolished and the book of Mormon made the standard of morality." They are followed by a dandified free black, who announces, "{grave}De white man hab no rights dat cullud pussons am bound to spect' I want dat understood." Behind him an aging suffragette says, "I want womans rights enforced, and man reduced in subjection to her authority." Next a ragged socialist or Fourierist, holding a liquor bottle, asserts, "I want everybody to have a share of everybody elses property." At the end of the group are three hooligans, one demanding "a hotel established by government, where people that aint inclined to work, can board free of expense, and be found in rum and tobacco." The second, a thief, wants "the right to examine every other citizen's pockets without interruption by Policemen." The last, an Irish street tough, says, "I want all the stations houses burned up, and the M.P.s killed, so that the bohoys can run with the machine and have a muss when they please." Source: American Political Prints, : A Catalog of the Collections in the Library of Congress, 1991, by Bernard F. Reilly, Jr.

Complete HarpWeek Explanation: In this cartoon from the Wide-Awake Pictorial, a stormy political sea has put Democrats in distress and has capsized the Know-Nothings, who are offered space by the confident Republican crew if they promise to act civilly and remain quiet. Know-Nothings were members of the American Party, which was organized in the early 1850s in support of stringent immigration restrictions. Many members were also opposed to the expansion of slavery and, therefore, joined the Republican Party in the late 1850s and 1860.restrictions

FACTORS IN THE RISE OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY REPUBLICAN PARTY

THE UNION IN PERIL: CAUSES OF THE CIVIL WAR CHAPTER 10 Section 4 Slavery and Secession Why did the South secede? HW: #1