1. Depicts the life of a slave  abuse  selling of children 2. Increases friction between north and south

 "Freesoilers and abolitionists are the only true friends of the South; slaveholders and slave- breeders are downright enemies of their own section. Anti- slavery men are working for the Union and for the good of the whole world; proslavery men are working for the disunion of the States, and for the good of nothing except themselves." (p. 363)  Slavery prohibited the economic advancement of poor whites in the south and industrialization.

1. Kansas applying for statehood 2. Problem? 3. Two constitutions! 4. Lecompton, Ka. (for) vs. Topeka, Ka. (against) 5. Statehood 1861 – free state

The beating of Ma. Senator Charles Sumner by SC Congressman Preston Brooks on the floor of the U.S. Senate attracted the horrified attention of northerners but won the approval of southerners; criticized Sen. Butler; his distant cousin in an earlier speech.

 James Buchanan (D) John Fremont (R) Millard Fillmore (KN)

1. AKA: “Know- nothing Party” a. Nativists b. Anti-Catholic c. Split along sectional interest: slavery

Threats of secession keeps the Union intact!

1. Scott v. Sandford (1857) 2. Ruling a. Slaves are property not citizens; therfore… b. Mo. Compromise 1820 unconstitutional c. Slaves cannot defend themselves in court 3. S. sees N. as traitors if they do not uphold the law

1. Agricultural demands fall due to end of Crimean War 2. Speculation: land and RR 3. California gold 4. How does the south fare? 5. Two issues that give rise for Republican Party: higher tariffs & free homesteads

1. Douglas a. Popular sovereignty: the voice of the people b. Lincoln a “Black Republican” 2. Lincoln a. Morally wrong b. Stop expansion c. Not for social equality

The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates, 1858 A House divided against itself, cannot stand. A House divided against itself, cannot stand.

Stephen Douglas & the Freeport Doctrine Popular Sovereignty?

1. Wanted slave uprising 2. Raid arsenal in Harper’s Ferry, Va. 3. Failed miserably; miscommunication. 4. Hanged a. Martyr in North b. Traitor in South 5. South a. Constant fear of revolts b. Talk of secession

Lincoln (R) Breckenridge(SD) Bell (CU) Douglas (ND)

Republican Party Platform 1860  Non-extension of slavery [for the Free-Soilers.  Protective tariff [for the No. Industrialists].  No abridgment of rights for immigrants [a disappointment for the “Know-Nothings”].  Government aid to build a Pacific RR [for the Northwest].  Internal improvements [for the West] at federal expense.  Free homesteads for the public domain [for farmers].  Non-extension of slavery [for the Free-Soilers.  Protective tariff [for the No. Industrialists].  No abridgment of rights for immigrants [a disappointment for the “Know-Nothings”].  Government aid to build a Pacific RR [for the Northwest].  Internal improvements [for the West] at federal expense.  Free homesteads for the public domain [for farmers].

1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?! 1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!

1. Main difference between Union and Confederate constitution?  States rights and slavery 2. Irony?  Military requires strong central gov’t! Jefferson Davis

Crittenden Compromise: A Last Ditch Appeal to Sanity Senator John J. Crittenden (Know-Nothing- KY)

Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861