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I NDUSTRIALIZATION AND P OPULATION : T HE I MPACT OF I NDUSTRIALIZATION ON P EOPLE OF THE W ORLD “Shipping on the Clyde,” 1881, painting of Glasgow, England

I NDUSTRIALIZATION AND P OPULATION How did industrialization affect demographic changes? How did demographic changes affect urban populations?

I NDUSTRIALIZATION AND M IGRATION “Cottonpolis,” 1840 engraving of Manchester, England during growth of textile industry

T RANSPORTATION R EVOLUTION Map of highway toll gates in London, England, 1801

U RBANIZATION Slum area of Wetherby, England

C ROWDED L IVING C ONDITIONS “Over London - by Rail,” 1872, by Gustave Dore

T HE M IDDLE C LASS “In the Studio” (1881) by Marie Bashkirtseff showing women artists

M IDDLE C LASS L IFE Royal Theatre, Copenhagen, Denmark, 1890s

I NDUSTRY AND L ITERACY

C RITICS OF O VERPOPULATION “The food therefore which before supported seven millions must now be divided among seven millions and a half or eight millions. The poor consequently must live much worse, and many of them be reduced to severe distress.” “During this season of distress, the discouragements to marriage, and the difficulty of rearing a family are so great that population is at a stand.” “The labourer therefore must work harder to earn the same as he did before.” --Thomas Malthus, An Essay on the Principle of Education (1798)

I NDUSTRIALIZATION AND P OPULATION How did industrialization affect this issue? How did this issue affect urban populations?

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