Unit 1 Great scientists

There are some great scientific achievements that have changed the world. Can you name some of them? Match the achievements with the scientists below.

Galileo Galilei Benjamin Franklin Newton Alexander Bell Albert Einstein the theory of falling objects lightning the law of gravity telephone Scientists Achievements the theory of relativity

What do you know about great scientists? Try this quiz and find out who knows the most.

1. Which scientist discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force that helps them float? B. ArchimedesC. Thomas Edison A. Charles Darwin Archimedes ( BC), an ancient Greek mathematician & physicist

2. Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment changed? A. Marie Curie C. Charles Darwin B. Gregor Mendel Charles Darwin ( ), British author of The Origin of Species

3. Who invented the first steam engine? A. Thomas Newcomen C. Thomas Edison B. Archimedes Thomas Newcomen ( ), British, improved the first steam pump and turned it into a steam engine for taking water out of mines in 1712

4. Who used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed from parents to their children? A. Thomas Edison C. ArchimedesB. Gregor Mendel Gregor Mendel ( ), Czech, developed ideas on heredity ( 遗传学 ) and inherited ( 继承, 承传 ) characteristics

5. Who discovered radium? C. Marie CurieB. NewtonA. Zhang Heng Marie Curie ( ), Polish and French, won two Nobel prizes

6. Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities? A. Stephen Hawking C. Thomas Edison B. Archimedes Thomas Edison ( ), American inventor

Thomas Edison Inventions of Thomas Edison Phonograph 留声机 Light bulb motion picture camera 电影摄像机

7. Who was the painter that studied dead bodies to improve his painting of people? A. Gregor Mendel C. Marie Curie B. Leonardo da Vinci Leonardo da Vinci ( ), Italian artist

Last Supper Mona Lisa

8. Who invented a lamp to keep miners safe underground? A. Sir Humphry Davy C. Faraday B. Thomas Newcomen Sir Humphry Davy ( ), British

the Safety Lamp Miniature ( 小型的 ) Miner’s Safety Lamp

9. Who invented the earliest instrument to tell people where earthquakes happened? A. Charles Darwin C. Watt B. Zhang Heng Zhang Heng (78-139), Chinese, invented the first seismograph （地震仪）

seismograph 地动仪

10. Who put forward a theory about black holes? A. Stephen Hawking C. CopernicusB. Archimedes Stephen Hawking (1942- ), British scientist, worked in astronomy and studied black holes in space

made a great contribution. made great achievements. succeeded in their scientific career. overcome many difficulties.

What makes a scientist successful? strong will imagination creativity patience persistence carefulness curiosity …

Do you know how to prove a new idea in scientific research? Discuss in small groups the stages in setting out a new scientific idea. What order would you put them in ？ Draw a conclusion Think of a method Collect results Make a question Find a problem Analyse the results Find supporting evidence

Infectious diseases can be spread to other people. They have an unknown cause and need public health care to solve them. People may be exposed to infectious diseases, so may animals. Bird flu, AIDS and SARS are infectious diseases. Infectious diseases are difficult to cure. What do you know about infectious diseases?

What do you know about cholera? Cholera is the illness caused by a bacterium ( 细菌 ) called Vibrio cholerae( 霍乱弧菌 ). It infects people’s intestines ( 肠 ), causing diarrhea ( 腹泻 ), vomiting( 呕吐 ) and leg cramps( 痉挛 ). The most common cause of cholera is by someone eating food or drinking water that has been infected with the bacteria.

John Snow defeats “King cholera”

John Snow defeats “king cholera” What can you learn from the title? 人物： 事件： defeats cholera

John Snow 约翰. 斯诺 (1813 ~ 1858), 英国麻醉学家、 流行病专家。他首次提出了 预防霍乱的措施。 1854 年, 伦敦霍乱流行, 斯诺通过研究 霍乱病死者的日常生活情况, 寻找到他们的共同行为模式, 发现了霍乱与饮用不洁水的 关系, 由于及时切断了二者 的联系, 有效制止了霍乱的 流行。

What’s the main idea of the passage? A. John Snow was a well-known doctor in London. B. The cause of cholera was polluted water. C. The source of all drinking water should be examined. D. How John Snow collected, analysed data and found the cause of the disease and defeated the disease.

F. John Snow wanted to use his knowledge to solve cholera. G. He got interested in two theories. D. He needed to prove the second theory was correct. A. He found out that dirty water was the cause of cholera. Para. 1 Para. 2 Para. 3 Para. 4 Para. 6 Para. 7 B. Polluted water carried the virus. E. Finally “King Cholera” was defeated. Para. 5 C. Cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas. Match the main idea with each paragraph.

Read the passage and number these events in the order that they happened. John Snow began to test two theories. An outbreak of cholera hit London in He announced that the water carried the disease. John Snow marked the deaths on a map John Snow investigated two streets where the outbreak was very severe. King Cholera was defeated. He found that most of the deaths were near a water pump. He had the handle removed from the water pump

Para- graph Stages in an experiment Example in this investigation 1 Find a problem 2 Make a question 3 Think of a method What caused cholera? Which theory is correct? Collect data on those who were ill or died. Fill in the blanks.

4 Collect results 5 Analyse results 6 find supporting evidence 7 Draw a conclusion Plot information on a map to find out where people died or did not die. Analyse the water to see if that is the cause of the illness. Find other evidence to support the analysis. The water is to blame. The source of all drinking water should be examined so that it is safe.

What should we pay attention to in our daily life in order not to get infected with cholera? Heat the food left overnight Cook raw food thoroughly Wash hands often Keep away from flies choose fresh sea food Keep the kitchen clean Dispose rubbish properly. Drink boiled water Discussion

John Snow was a well-known ______ in London in the _____ century. He wanted to find the ______ of cholera in order to ______ it. In 1854 when a cholera ______ out, he began to gather information. doctor 19th cause defeat broke

He _________ on a map where all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had drunk the dirty water from the ______ died. So he decided that the polluted water carried cholera. He suggested that the _______ of all water supply be __________. The water companies were _________ not to people to polluted water any more. Finally, “King Cholera” was defeated. marked pump source examined instructed expose

1. Read the passage fluently. 2. Preview the language points learning.