Industrial Revolution

Determining Factors  IR began in Great Britain in about 1750 because of TRADE, CHANGES IN AGRICULTURE, INVENTIONS/TECHNOLOGY and POLITICAL STABILITY  These factors gave GB an edge which they used to colonize foreign territory and to create greater wealth

Description  The IR changed they way people ate, worked and lived as they moved to cities  (urbanization)  Child labor, apartment slums, wages, working conditions, disease all became societal issues.  New middle class created, not land based

Agriculture  Need to have an Ag Rev and a surplus of food to have an IR  Britain began rotating crops= more variety and fields not left empty  More crops meant lower prices and more animal feed which brought down the price of meat  More efficient farmers meant you needed fewer farmers, so more people went to the cities to work in factories  Enclosure movement also meant fewer farmers but larger farms  Advent of canned food and milk chocolate radically changed what and how people ate

Trade  Britain was largest importer and exporter in Europe  Colonial empire meant GB got products from abroad and created demand for GB’s products = $$$$  GB had strong navy to protect ships  r/launch_ani_trafalgar.shtml r/launch_ani_trafalgar.shtml

Technology and inventions  New technology being used  Jethro Tull’s seed machine  James Watt’s steam engine  Iron industry increased demand for coal, which GB had  water powered mills and looms meant factories on rivers=pollution  Spinning Jenny and flying shuttle meant cheaper fabric and clothes, which increased demand for cotton

Spinning Jenny  ny5-dp.pdf

Watt’s Steam Engine 1765

Epitaph of James Watt at Westminster Abbey Not to perpetuate a Name, which must endure while the Peaceful arts flourish, but to shew That mankind have learned to Know those who best deserve Their gratitude. The King, His ministers And many of the Nobles and Commons of the Realm, Raise this monument to JAMES WATT Who, directing the force an original Genius early exercised in philosophic research for the improvement of The Steam Engine, England the resources of this Country, Increased the power of Man, and the use to an eminent place among the most illustrious followers of science and the real benefactors of the World,

Flying shuttle One person could work much faster You didn’t need to pass the thread back and forth by hand Foot lever would pass the thread

Women and girls go to work girl crawling in coal mine Women match makers

n  Children and youth also comprised a relatively large proportion of the work forces in coal and metal mines in Britain. In 1842, the proportion of the work forces that were children and youth in coal and metal mines ranged from 19 to 40%. A larger proportion of the work forces of coal mines used child labor underground while more children were found on the surface of metal mines "dressing the ores" (a process of separating the ore from the dirt and rock). By 1842 one-third of the underground work force of coal mines was under the age of 18 and one-fourth of the work force of metal mines were children and youth (1842[380]XV). In 1851 children and youth (under 20) comprised 30% of the total population of coal miners in Great Britain. After the Mining Act of 1842 was passed which prohibited girls and women from working in mines, fewer children worked in mines.

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Results  All the changes affected one another  Textile advances meant cheaper clothing, but a greater demand for cotton from the US and colonies=slaves  Moving to cities meant a new class of poor people and a new class of wealthy, family changes, women & children work  Art, music and literature reflected these changes

Interesting websites  03%20Study%20Guide.pdf 03%20Study%20Guide.pdf   ml ml  htm htm