Socialization Chapter 3

Chapter Overview I.Quiz II.What is “Socialization”? III.Nature v. Nurture IV.Socialization into Gender V.Agents of Socialization VI.Resocialization VII.Socialization through Life VIII.Are We Prisoners of Socialization? IX.Review

I. Introductory “Quiz”

1. Intelligence is dependent upon human interaction. True

2. A child can die from lack of human interaction. True

3. When a child plays team sports, the individual is learning to take the role of others. True

4. The average child could learn to do algebra at age 8 if schools introduced it earlier and used better teaching techniques. False

5. Sociologists have a love/hate relationship with Freud. Yes and No

6. Emotions such as happiness, remorse, fear, compassion, and shame are all universally felt and expressed. False

7. Television is the strongest force that causes people to act, feel, and believe the way they do. False

8. A main teaching among all social classes of parents is obedience and staying out of trouble. False

9. Day care does not improve the relationship between parents and children. True

10. Socialization is complete at about the age of 25. False

II. What is “Socialization”? Definition: The process of developing one’s group’s characteristics (i.e., attitudes, values, and actions).

III. Nature v. Nurture A.A Demonstration B.Case study: The Wild Boy of Itard C.What language will a child speak? D.Harry Harlow’s monkeys E.Twin Studies

IV. Theories of Socialization A.Cooley and the Looking-Glass Self B.Mead and Role-Taking C.Piaget and the Development of Reasoning Abilities D.Freud and the Development of Personality

IV. Theories of Socialization A.Cooley and the Looking-Glass Self B.Mead and Role-Taking C.Piaget and the Development of Reasoning Abilities D.Freud and the Development of Personality

A.Cooley and the Looking-Glass Self: Demonstration Answer the following questions on a piece of paper. Try to keep your answers to a sentence or two: Who are you? What do close family members think of you? What do members of your sex think of you? What do members of the opposite sex think of you?

The Looking-Glass Self Your Behavior Others’ Reactions Your Interpretations of Others’ Reactions Your Self- Concept Other Influences

A.Cooley and the Looking-Glass Self B.Mead and Role-Taking C.Piaget and the Development of Reasoning Abilities D.Freud and the Development of Personality IV. Theories of Socialization

B.Mead and Role-Taking 1.Stages a.Imitation b.Play c.Games 2.The “I” v. the “Me” 3.The human mind is a social product

IV. Theories of Socialization A.Cooley and the Looking-Glass Self B.Mead and Role-Taking C.Piaget and the Development of Reasoning Abilities D.Freud and the Development of Personality

C.Piaget and the Development of Reasoning abilities 1.The sensorymotor stage 2.The preoperational* stage 3.The concrete operational stage 4.The formal operational stage *substitute the words “reasoning skills” for operational

IV. Theories of Socialization A.Cooley and the Looking-Glass Self B.Mead and Role-Taking C.Piaget and the Development of Reasoning Abilities D.Freud and the Development of Personality

V. Socialization into Gender

VI. Agents of Socialization A.The family B.The neighborhood C.Religion D.Day Care E.Sports F.The workplace G.The school and peer groups

VII Resocialization A.Definition B.Examples C.Total Institutions

VIII. Socialization Through Life A.Life course = stages of life from birth to death A.Stages affect your behavior and orientations (ex:) B.Historical context, sex, race-ethnicity, social class, etc. effect your life course. 1.ex: childhood 2.ex.: adolescence 3.ex: young adulthood 4.ex: the middle years 5.ex: the older years

IX. Are We Prisoners of Socialization?

Y.J.U.: We are prisoners of socialization.

X. Review Socialization = learning norms and values Charles Cooley: The looking- glass self How we think others perceive us is more important than reality

George Herbert Mead 1. Each person has two sides a.I = the spontaneous subjective person b.Me = the objective person 2.Significant others: important role in the development of the “me” (e.g., parents) 3.Generalized others: the larger community or society

Jean Piaget 1.Sensorymotor stage 2.Preoperational stage 3.Concrete operational stage 4.Formal operational stage

Sigmund Freud 1.Id: basic drives (e.g., sex, food) 2.Superego: society’s expectations; censors the id 3.Ego: individuality among us; mediates between the id and superego