Rise of Totalitarianism in Europe

Hitler

What was Hitler’s Early Life Like Born to Alois and Klara Hitler in Austria. Wanted to be an artist – not accepted into the Vienna Academy of Art

Hitler’s Paintings

How did WWI Influence Hitler? He served in German Army: wounded and received two Iron Crosses for bravery. First success in his life Blamed Germany’s defeat on Jews, Communists, and signers of Treaty Of Versailles

What is the NAZI Party? German Workers Party changed to National Socialist German Workers Party - “NAZI” Party Fascist beliefs Drafted a platform of 25 points Swastika – ancient symbol meaning good luck

What is Mein Kampf? “Mein Kampf” = “My Struggle” Blueprint for Germany’s future 1. Racism - hatred for Jews 2. Lebensraum (living space) expansion of Germany’s border 3. World Domination

What did Hitler offer to the German people? Nationalists - Restore Germany to Greatness Nationalists - Restore Germany to Greatness Wealthy Industrialist – stop communism Wealthy Industrialist – stop communism Workers – end unemployment Workers – end unemployment Blamed Others for Germany’s ProblemsBlamed Others for Germany’s Problems Jews Jews November Criminals November Criminals Weimar Republic Weimar Republic Excellent SpeakerExcellent Speaker

What was the Jewish Problem? Hitler’s belief that Aryan German’s were the “Master Race” – blond hair, blue eyes, strong and disciplined Blamed Germany’s problems on the Jewish Racism and propaganda used to create distrust and hatred against Jews and non-Aryans.

GESTAPO: the Secret State Police GESTAPO: the Secret State Police SS (Schutzstaffel): Defense Corps “black shirts”, an elite guard unit formed out of the SA SA (Sturmabteilung): Stormtroopers "brown-shirts" early private Nazi army that protected leaders and opposed rival political parties SA (Sturmabteilung): Stormtroopers "brown-shirts" early private Nazi army that protected leaders and opposed rival political parties Lebensraum (living space): concept that emphasized need for territorial expansion of Germany into east Lebensraum (living space): concept that emphasized need for territorial expansion of Germany into east Wehrmacht : German army Wehrmacht : German army HJ (Hitler Jugend): Hitler Youth HJ (Hitler Jugend): Hitler Youth Einstazgruppen : Nazi Death Squad; mobile killing units Einstazgruppen : Nazi Death Squad; mobile killing units Volk: all inclusive concept of nation, people and race, implying the superiority of German culture and race; led to policy of Volksgemeinschaft (idea of a harmonized racial Nazi community in government policies and programs) Volk: all inclusive concept of nation, people and race, implying the superiority of German culture and race; led to policy of Volksgemeinschaft (idea of a harmonized racial Nazi community in government policies and programs)

This Nazi propaganda poster reads, ‘Behind the enemy powers: the Jew. “The Eternal Jew” Depiction of a Jew holding gold coins in one hand and a whip in the other. Under his arm is a map of the world, with the imprint of the hammer and sickle. Posters like this promoted a sharp rise in anti-Semitic feelings, and in some cases violence against the Jewish community.

Mussolini or Il Duce

Italy Problems After WWI 460,000 Soldiers killed Heavy debt Dissatisfaction with Treaty Of Versailles - Britain and France didn’t give Italy the land they promised in the Treaty of London Governments were coalitions that couldn’t make decisions

Benito Mussolini or Il Duce Mussolini was the leader and Founder of the Italian Fascism, Fascisti, party. He was an early socialist but when he realized that stronger support could be gotten from the right wing all socialist aspects were dropped. m

Mussolini Gains Power Promises to solve Italy’s problems Something for everyone: Nationalists – recreate the Roman Empire Landowners – protect private property Workers – full unemployment Blackshirts Mussolin’s Followers Used Force to gain power

March on Rome 1922 “Either the government will be given to us or we shall seize it by marching on Rome” 20,000 Blackshirts in a planned Coup d’etat King Victor Emmanuel fears Civil War - names Mussolini Prime Minister

“Il Duce” – The Leader Solved Unemployment Problem Restored Patriotism and Nationalism Recaptured Italy’s Greatness “Made the Trains Run on Time Limited Individual Freedoms

Quote “Fascism should rightly be called Corporatism as it is a merge of state and corporate power.”~ Benito Mussolini Fascism conceiv es of the State s an absolut e, in compari son with

Quote “Fascism conceives of the State as an absolute, in comparison with which all individuals or groups are relative, only to be conceived in their relation to the State.” ~Benito Mussolini