Biosynthesis of the Nutritionally Nonessential Amino Acids

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Table 25-2Sphingolipid Storage Diseases. Page 979.

Advertisements

Urea Cycle DR AMINA TARIQ BIOCHEMISTRY. Urea is the major disposal form of amino groups derived from amino acids, and accounts for about 90% of the nitrogen-

Detoxification of ammonia and biosynthesis of urea. The basic features of nitrogen metabolism were elucidated initially in pigeons.

Amino acid oxidation and the production of urea

Dr. Azin Nowrouzi Tehran University of Medical Sciences Dr. Azin Nowrouzi Tehran University of Medical Sciences TUMS.

The Urea Cycle بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم Dr. Mahmoud Sirdah Dr. Mahmoud Sirdah.

Amino Acids Metabolism: Disposal of Nitrogen.

Amino Acid Metabolism Student Edition 6/3/13 version

By Amr S. Moustafa, MD, PhD Medical Biochemistry Unit, Path. Dept. College of Medicine, King Saud University Urea Cycle.

Catabolism of proteins and amino acids. Reactions in the attachment of ubiquitin to proteins.

METABOIC FATE OF AMINO ACIDS. Intracellular proteases hydrolyze internal peptide bonds, of protein releasing peptides, which are then degraded to free.

Chapter 17 (Part 1) Amino Acid Metabolism: Nitrogen Assimilation and Amino Acid Biosynthesis.

Fates of the Carbon Atoms from Amino Acids Synthesis of Amino Acids Chapter 25 Metabolic Pathways for Lipids and Amino Acids.

FIGURE (part 2) Urea cycle and reactions that feed amino groups into the cycle. The enzymes catalyzing these reactions (named in the text) are distributed.

Protein Turnover and Amino Acid Catabolism

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 18 Metabolic.

BIOC 460 DR. TISCHLER LECTURE 38 AMINO ACID DEGRADATION/ UREA CYCLE.

Amino Acids Metabolism Amino Acids Metabolism 2 nd Year Medicine By Eman Mokbel Alissa, Ph.D.

Amino Acid Oxidation and the Production of Urea

Pratt and Cornely Chapter 18

Principles of Biochemistry

The Big Picture of Protein Metabolism Gladys Kaba.

Amino Acid Metabolism Lecture 17 Modified from internet sources, books and journals.

Amino Acid Degradation and Synthesis

Amino Acid Metabolism. Essential Amino Acids Essential amino acids must be consumed in the diet. Mammalian cells lack enzymes to synthesize their carbon.

Methionine amino acid: Essential amino acid

Amino acid degradation Most of absorbed dietary amino acids are catabolized by 2 subsequent steps: I- Removal of α-amino group: α-amino group is removed.

Pathways of Amino Acid Degredation

Amino Acid Metabolism All tissues in the body have limited capability for synthesis of: Non-essential or dispensable amino acids Amino acid remodeling.

Biochemistry: A Short Course Second Edition Tymoczko Berg Stryer © 2013 W. H. Freeman and Company CHAPTER 30 Amino Acid Degradation and the Urea Cycle.

February 14 Chapter 26 Amino Acid Metabolism

Fig. 23-1, p.630 Amino acids act principally as the building blocks and to the synthesis of variety of other biologically molecules. When a.acids deaminated.

Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism and Biosynthesis of Amino Acids

Related Pathways Anaerobic Respiration Metabolism of Fats & Proteins.

Fig 17.8 Biosynthesis of amino acids

Chem 454: Biochemistry II University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Chem 454: Biochemistry II University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Protein Turnover and Amino Acid.

Biosynthesis of Amino Acids. Overview Overview (cont)

Dr. Saidunnisa Professor of Biochemistry

PRINCIPLES OF BIOCHEMISTRY

Amino Acid biosynthesis Amino acids are derived from intermediates in glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and PPP pathway Ten of the amino acids have relatively.

Amino acid metabolism M.F.Ullah,Ph.D COURSE TITLE: BIOCHEMISTRY 2

FCH 532 Lecture 27 Chapter 26: Essential amino acids

Protein Metabolism Denotes the various biochemical processes responsible for the synthesis of proteins and amino acids the breakdown of proteins (and other.

Amino Acid Synthesis Essential Amino Acids : amino acids that cannot be synthesized by the organism at a rate sufficient to meet the normal requirements.

Amino acid metabolism IV. Biosynthesis of nonessential amino acids Figures: Lehninger-4ed; fejezet: 22 (Stryer-5ed; fejezet: 24)

Asparagine and Aspartate Are Degraded to Oxaloacetate.

Amino Acid Degradation and Nitrogen Metabolism

Related Pathways Anaerobic Pathways (4.4) & Alternatives To Glucose (4.3)

Amino Acid Oxidation and Production of Urea

AMINO ACIDS METABOLISM Course: MEDICIMAL CHEMISTRY 1 Course Code: 301.

Metabolism of Amino Acid

UREA CYCLE Urea is the major disposal form of amino groups derived from amino acids, and accounts for about 90% of the nitrogen- containing components.

1/ Assimilation of inorganic nitrogen  Many microbes use ammonia (NH 3 ) and nitrate (NO 3 - )as their nitrogen source when organic nitrogen is.

Biosynthesis of Amino Acids

Pratt and Cornely Chapter 18

Pratt and Cornely Chapter 18

Urea Biosynthesis Transamination. 2. Oxidative Deamination.

Catabolism of amino acids

Catabolism of the carbon skeletons of amino acids

Biosynthesis of the nutritionally nonessential amino acids

Amino acid metabolism Metabolism of amino acids differs, but 3 common reactions: Transamination Deamination Decarboxylation.

Serine,Alanine one Carbon Metabolism

Amino Acid Metabolism.

AMINO ACID DEGRADATION AND SYNTHESIS Essential and nonessential aminoacids Glucogenic and ketogenic amino acids One-Carbon Metabolism Degradation of the.

Amino Acid Biosynthesis & Degradation

Amino acid synthesis Title slide - amino acid synthesis.

Amino acid degradation

Figure 19.1 Outline of entry of atmospheric nitrogen into the animal diet. PhotoDisc, Inc. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 7e edited.

Tymoczko • Berg • Stryer © 2015 W. H. Freeman and Company

Alternatives to Glucose

Presentation transcript:

Biosynthesis of the Nutritionally Nonessential Amino Acids

BIOMEDICAL IMPORTANCE Amino acids present in proteins Amino acid deficiency Kwashiorkor Marasmus Caloric intake & specific amino acids are deficient Humans can synthesize 12 of the 20 common amino acids from the amphibolic intermediates

Amino acid requirements of humans

amino acids from Amphibolic intermediates Dietary amino acids α-ketoglutarate Oxaloacetate 3-phosphoglycerate Dietary amino acids

The glutamate dehydrogenase reaction

Formation of alanine by transamination of pyruvate

The asparagine synthetase reaction

The glutamine synthetase reaction

Serine biosynthesis

Formation of glycine from choline

The serine hydroxymethyltransferase reaction

Biosynthesis of proline from glutamate

Conversion of homocysteine and serine to homoserine and cysteine

The phenylalanine hydroxylase reaction

The prolyl hydroxylase reaction

Selenocysteine (top) and the reaction catalyzed by selenophosphate synthetase (bottom)

Selenocysteine-specific UGA codon Selenocysteine insertion element

Catabolism of proteins Urea synthesis

Partial reactions in the attachment of ubiquitin (UB) to proteins.

Overall flow of nitrogen in amino acid catabolism

Transamination

Alanine aminotransferase (top) and glutamate aminotransferase (bottom).

The L-glutamate dehydrogenase reaction

Oxidative deamination catalyzed by L-amino acid oxidase

The glutamine synthase reaction

The glutaminase reaction

Reactions and intermediates of urea biosynthesis

METABOLIC DISORDERS Hyperammonemia Type 1. Hyperammonemia Type 2 Citrullinemia argininosuccinate synthase Argininosuccinicaciduria Argininosuccinase Hyperargininemia