Hydrocarbon Derivatives Amines Amides Amino Acids

Amines contain N general format: R  NH 2 –NH 2 = amino group –N: bonding capacity of 3

Table R shows format R  N  R” (this is a 3  amine) 1  amines: R  N  H 2  amines: R  N  R’ R’R’  H  H 

Naming Amines find name of base hydrocarbon drop e (from ane ending) & add amine # in front of name gives location of amino group

H H H H  C  C  N  H H H    ethanamine H H H H H  C  C  C  N  H H H H      1-propanamine

H N H H  C  C  C  H H H H    < H 2-propanamine CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 NH 2  1,3-propanediamine

CHCH 2 CH 2 CH NH 2  NH 2  NH 2  NH 2 1,1,4,4-butanetetraamine

Properties molecules are polar: –H bonding (H bonded to N) –weaker than H-bonding in alcohols & carboxylic acids H-N weaker than H-O boiling points: –higher than anes with same #C’s –lower than alcohols & organic acids with same #C’s amines smell really, really bad

Examples of amines PABA caffeine novacain B-vitamins dyes

Amides contain 2 functional groups: –carbonyl group (>C=O) AND –amino group  NH 2 ) amino group bonded to C of carbonyl group amides link amino acids together

Table R general format: R  C  NH 2 or R  C  NH formed through chem reaction: –carboxylic acid: R-COOH replace the OH with NH 2 name: no # needed –amide group is always at end of molecule = O = O  R’R’

Naming Amides find name alkane with same # of C’s –drop e (from ane ending) & replace with amide

H  C  C  NH 2 HH HH = O ethanamide CH 3 CH 2 CNH 2 = O propanamide

Properties of Amides boiling point: –IMF: hydrogen bonding (N-H) higher bp than ane with same #C’s lower bp than alcohols & acids with same #C’s simple amides are solids at room temp smaller amides are very soluble in water

Amino Acids only need to recognize them do not need to name them 2 functional groups: –contain carboxyl group (-COOH) AND –contain amino group (-NH 2 ) next –amine group on C next to C of carboxyl group

C CH 3  C  C NH 2  = O  OH amino C CH 2  C NH 2  = O  OH glycine acids alanine