In-vitro measurement of Intra- Ocular Pressure Alex Luce Undergraduate Research Symposium 2008
Motivation: Treat Glaucoma Glaucoma : a degenerative disease of the eye Affects 3 million Americans Leading cause of adult blindness in the world No available cure Entirely preventable if caught early! Normal range of vision Advanced vision loss due to glaucoma 10/28/2015Undergraduate Research Symposium - Alex Luce 2
Intraocular Pressure (IOP) The major risk factor for glaucoma Normal eye pressure : mm Hg 10X increased risk to develop glaucoma: >23mm Hg Measurement of the intraocular pressure (IOP) with an applanation tonometer 10/28/20153Undergraduate Research Symposium - Alex Luce
Methods to Measure IOP Indirect Methods: Applanation Tonometry (ex. Goldman Applanation Tonometry) MacKay-Marg tonometry Digital Palpation Tonometry Measurement of IOP with Dynamic Contour Tonometer. Measurements must be performed in clinical setting. Problems : Diurnal pressure variation (24 hr cycle) Laser eye surgery Requires anesthesia Potential for infection Cannot be completed at home Photo credit: 10/28/20154Undergraduate Research Symposium - Alex Luce
Experiment Goal Utilize concept of digital palpation tonometry for experimental IOP measurements Determine required sensor specifications Digital palpation tonometry : fingertips push on eye- ‘feel’ pressure Measure F vs X vs IOP Disp. F 1 (x) F 2 (x) 10/28/20155Undergraduate Research Symposium - Alex Luce
Force application Applied Force F 10/28/20156Undergraduate Research Symposium - Alex Luce
Force application 10/28/20157Undergraduate Research Symposium - Alex Luce
Force measurement Bending-beam load cell deflection of cantilever induces strain 10/28/2015Undergraduate Research Symposium - Alex Luce 8 Strain Gage Deformation of metal foil causes change in electrical resistance
Block Diagram of Experiment 10/28/2015Undergraduate Research Symposium - Alex Luce 9
Experimental setup 10/28/2015Undergraduate Research Symposium - Alex Luce 10
10/28/201511Undergraduate Research Symposium - Alex Luce
10/28/201512Undergraduate Research Symposium - Alex Luce Force sensor Measure F Micrometer Measure x Syringe Adjust IOP
Force Sensor Calibration Weights of known value measured with each force sensor Voltage output measured Standard deviation 0.3% of measured force 10/28/201513Undergraduate Research Symposium - Alex Luce
Experimental procedure Adjust IOP: mmHG FS1: Increment micrometer x - apply force F1 to eyeball FS2: measure force F2 F1 F2 Pressure adjustment Applied force 10/28/201514Undergraduate Research Symposium - Alex Luce Disp. X
Experimental Results Increased Pressure Increased risk of glaucoma 10/28/201515Undergraduate Research Symposium - Alex Luce
10/28/2015Undergraduate Research Symposium - Alex Luce 16 Disp. (mm)
10/28/201517Undergraduate Research Symposium - Alex Luce
Conclusions Digital palpation tonometry: a viable IOP measurement technique To screen for glaucoma, required sensor resolution is.: F ≤ 0.5N, x ≤ 0.5mm. Force measurements must be done below ~2.5 N, to avoid errors introduced by motion of eye in model “socket” 10/28/201518Undergraduate Research Symposium - Alex Luce
Future Work Compare experimental results of experiment to Finite Element simulation Develop motorized experiment to mimic human palpation exam institute Explore means to measure IOP independently of displacement 10/28/2015Undergraduate Research Symposium - Alex Luce 19
Acknowledgements Dr. Eniko Enikov, Dr. Gholam Peyman, Vasco Polyzoev, Balint Magyar, Ed White Advanced Microsystems Lab Funding from NSF Grant CBET /28/201520Undergraduate Research Symposium - Alex Luce