BIOCHEMISTRY pp

CARBON COMPOUNDS CARBON BONDING Has 4 electrons in the outer level so it can bond 4 times Has 4 electrons in the outer level so it can bond 4 times Can bond with other carbon atoms or other types of atoms Can bond with other carbon atoms or other types of atoms

LARGE CARBON MOLECULES Monomers  polymers (macromolecules) Monomers  polymers (macromolecules)

LARGE CARBON MOLECULES Condensation reaction: H 2 O removed to link 2 monomers Condensation reaction: H 2 O removed to link 2 monomers Hydrolysis: add H 2 O to break bond between monomers Hydrolysis: add H 2 O to break bond between monomers

NUCLEIC ACIDS MONOMERS Nucleotides: made of 3 basic parts Nucleotides: made of 3 basic parts - Phosphate group - Phosphate group - a sugar - a sugar - nitrogen - nitrogen containing base containing base

There are four nucleotides A, C, G, T in DNA There are four nucleotides A, C, G, T in DNA

NUCLEIC ACIDS MACROMOLECULES Nucleotides link to make DNA or RNA Nucleotides link to make DNA or RNA

PROTEINS MONOMERS Monomer= Amino acids= peptides Monomer= Amino acids= peptides Made from C, H, O, and N Made from C, H, O, and N Same basic structure but differ at functional (R) group Same basic structure but differ at functional (R) group 20 amino acids 20 amino acids KNOW THE BASIC PART OF AN AMINO ACID!

PROTEINS MACROMOLECULES peptide bond: holds amino acids together peptide bond: holds amino acids together Dipeptide: 2 amino acids Dipeptide: 2 amino acids Polypeptide: 3 or more amino acids Polypeptide: 3 or more amino acids Polypeptide= protein Polypeptide= protein