English Colonies

James I issues a charter to the Virginia Company a joint- stock company:  Goal: Gold - profit for investors English Colonization

Jamestown Fort & Settlement Map

Captain John Smith “ There was no talk…but dig gold, wash gold, refine gold, load gold… ” “ If you don ’ t work, you don ’ t eat! ”

PocahontasPocahontas A 1616 engraving Pocahontas “ saves ” Captain John Smith

John Rolfe What finally made the colony profitable?

Tobacco Plant Virginia ’ s gold and silver. -- John Rolfe, 1612

Indentured Servitude Headright System

Indentured Servitude Indenture Contract:  4-7 years.  Promised “ freedom dues ” [land, £]  Forbidden to marry.  : only 1 in 10 outlived their indentured contracts!

Separatists vs. Puritans

1620  a group of 102 people [half were Separatists] Plymouth Bay (MA) The Mayflower Compact November 11, 1620 The Mayflower

John Winthrop “ We shall be as a city on a hill.. ” Became 1 st governor of Massachusetts.  Served as governor or deputy-governor for 19 years.  A Model of Christian Charity

Metacom (King Philip) Chief of the Wampanoags united the tribes of New England. The war ended in failure for the Indians  Metacom beheaded and drawn and quartered.  His son and wife sold into slavery.  Never a serious threat in New England again!! King Philip’s War ( }

Lord Baltimore formed a proprietary colony in Haven for Catholics Tobacco main cash crop. “Act of Toleration” 1649 MarylandMaryland Freedom of worship for all! Death to all Jews and Atheists ! Huh?

New Netherlands to New York Founded by the Dutch in British take over without a fight Center of trade and very Cosmopolitan  diverse population with many different languages.

Founded by William Penn in 1681 Quakers “Society of Friends” pacifists, fair treatment of Indians, more equality, religious freedom Opposed slavery Philadelphia “City of Brotherly Love” PennsylvaniaPennsylvania

North Carolina: Tobacco plantations South Carolina: Rice & Indigo High demand for slaves from West Africa By 1710  black slaves were a majority in South Carolina. CarolinasCarolinas American Long Grain Rice

GeorgiaGeorgia Founded by James Oglethorpe in “Buffer-zone” from Spanish Florida Haven for debtors Rice & Indigo plantations

Rise of Slavery First Africans arrived in Jamestown in 1619 treated like indentured servants. Slavery not significant until the late 1600s 1690: 13,000 slaves 1750: more than 200,000

Causes of Rise of Slavery Increased demand for slavesIncreased demand for slaves 1.Less English indentured servants 2.West Africans were experienced in Rice cultivation and more resistant to malaria. 3.Cheap labor—tobacco prices fall, need large numbers of unskilled workers for rice & indigo Effect on population:Effect on population: –By 1750 slaves were 50% of Virginia, 66% of South Carolina populations. S

The Atlantic “Triangular” Trade S Slaves – sugar – rum - guns

The “ Middle Passage ” Harsh conditions: 13% died along journey from West Africa to Americas

Slave Codes & Stono Rebellion Slave Codes: harsh laws past in South Stono Rebellion: 1739 in South Carolina – 20 slaves revolted from one plantation (80 others joined) 50 slaves and 25 whites killed- largest slave revolt during the Colonial Period.

Map Quiz Which colonies are considered part of New England? Which colonies are considered Southern Colonies? Which colonies are considered the Middle Colonies? Which colony was originally founded by the Dutch? Which colony was founded by Quakers?

Which colonies relied on tobacco as their cash crop? Which colony’s cash crop was indigo and rice? Which colony was founded by Lord Baltimore as a haven for Catholics? Which colony was founded as a buffer against the Spanish and a refuge for debtors? Which colonies were founded by Puritans? Which colony had the highest % of slaves?

The Enlightenment Early 1700s philosophy movement from Europe Reason over faith, science over religion Benjamin Franklin inventions & almanac Questioned traditional monarchy John Locke “Natural Rights”

The Great Awakening Religious revival in response to effects of Enlightenment in 1740sReligious revival in response to effects of Enlightenment in 1740s Jonathan Edwards & George Whitefield leading ministersJonathan Edwards & George Whitefield leading ministers “Sinners in the Hands of An Angry God”“Sinners in the Hands of An Angry God” God is angry but can forgive – anyone can repent & be savedGod is angry but can forgive – anyone can repent & be saved Blamed science, greed, & traditional church for drop in faithBlamed science, greed, & traditional church for drop in faithR

Effects of the Great Awakening RELIGION Emotional services Ministers lose authority many people study bible at home New Lights (supporters): –Baptists, Methodists Old Lights -(anti) traditionalists - ministers needed to interpret Bible Causes diversity of sects & competition POLITICS Affects all classes and regions Experience shared by all American colonists Changes how people view authority in general Long-term drive to expand political equality R

Mercantilism Empires compete for wealth = export manufactured goods, import wealth (gold/silver)Empires compete for wealth = export manufactured goods, import wealth (gold/silver) Colonies exist to benefit the mother country through raw materials and marketsColonies exist to benefit the mother country through raw materials and markets “Navigation Acts” ( ) Trade only on English or colonial-built shipsTrade only on English or colonial-built ships Banned most colonial manufacturingBanned most colonial manufacturing Banned most colonial trade with countries other than EnglandBanned most colonial trade with countries other than EnglandE

Colonial Effects of Mercantilism POSITIVES N.E. shipbuilding prospers Tobacco monopoly in England Protection of British military forces NEGATIVES Limited Manufacturing Chesapeake farmers get low prices for crops High prices on manufactured goods from England British didn’t strictly enforce laws - smuggling was common.

North America in 1750 What caused the French & Indian War?