Chapter 29 “Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad”

Election of 1912 Republicans split between re-nominating Taft and bringing back TR Republicans split between re-nominating Taft and bringing back TR Republicans afraid of the aggressive nature of TR agree on Taft Republicans afraid of the aggressive nature of TR agree on Taft TR upset by the snub starts his own political Party – The Progressive Bull Moose Party TR upset by the snub starts his own political Party – The Progressive Bull Moose Party

Bull Moose Party New Nationalism New Nationalism More government involvement More government involvement Bigger increase in military Bigger increase in military More intervention in Latin America More intervention in Latin America

The Anti- Third- Term Principle

Progressive Party Platform Women’s suffrage. Graduated income tax. Inheritance tax for the rich. Lower tariffs. Limits on campaign spending. Currency reform. Minimum wage laws. Social insurance. Abolition of child labor. Workmen’s compensation. NewNationalismNewNationalismNewNationalismNewNationalism

The Socialist Party & Eugene V. Debs The issue is Socialism versus Capitalism. I am for Socialism because I am for humanity.

Election of 1912 Woodrow Wilson easily won with 435 Electoral votes, while TR had 88 and Taft only had 8, but the Democrat received 41% of the popular vote. Woodrow Wilson easily won with 435 Electoral votes, while TR had 88 and Taft only had 8, but the Democrat received 41% of the popular vote. Wilson, a virtual unknown is able to win the election because of the split in the Republican Party Wilson, a virtual unknown is able to win the election because of the split in the Republican Party Wilson becomes a minority president Wilson becomes a minority president Socialist Eugene V. Debs compiled over 900,000 popular votes, while the combined popular totals of TR and Taft exceeded Wilson Socialist Eugene V. Debs compiled over 900,000 popular votes, while the combined popular totals of TR and Taft exceeded Wilson

The “Seas” [of Opportunity] Open Up for the Democrats

Election of 1912

Dr. Woodrow Wilson Strong Progressive Democrat Strong Progressive Democrat Former President of Princeton Former President of Princeton Former reform governor of New Jersey Former reform governor of New Jersey Born in Georgia Born in Georgia Only the 2 nd Democratic President since 1861 (other was Cleveland) Only the 2 nd Democratic President since 1861 (other was Cleveland) Son of a Presbyterian minister Son of a Presbyterian minister Eloquent, well spoken, religious, arrogant and intolerant of stupidity. Eloquent, well spoken, religious, arrogant and intolerant of stupidity.

Dr. Woodrow Wilson

Wilson’s “New Freedom” New Freedom - favored small enterprise, desired to break up all trusts—not just the bad ones—and basically shunned social- welfare proposals. New Freedom - favored small enterprise, desired to break up all trusts—not just the bad ones—and basically shunned social- welfare proposals. Assault on the Triple Wall of Privilege Assault on the Triple Wall of Privilege 1. Tariff 2. Banks 3. Trusts Wilson set a president by personally addressing Congress. Broke the tradition set by Jefferson that the president sends a written State of the Union Wilson set a president by personally addressing Congress. Broke the tradition set by Jefferson that the president sends a written State of the Union

Attack on Tariff Progressives wanted to lower the tariff. Progressives wanted to lower the tariff. Underwood Tariff Bill passed which substantially reduced import fees and enacted a graduated income tax (under the approval of the recent 16th Amendment). Underwood Tariff Bill passed which substantially reduced import fees and enacted a graduated income tax (under the approval of the recent 16th Amendment).

Attack on Banking Banking system had not changed since Civil War Banking system had not changed since Civil War Problem was an inelastic Currency – inability to increase or decrease amount of money in circulation Problem was an inelastic Currency – inability to increase or decrease amount of money in circulation Federal Reserve Act of 1913 passed Federal Reserve Act of 1913 passed Created a federal reserve bank in Washington DC. Members appointed by president Created a federal reserve bank in Washington DC. Members appointed by president Federal Reserve Board regulates the amount of money in circulation by raising and lowering the interest rate Federal Reserve Board regulates the amount of money in circulation by raising and lowering the interest rate Arguably the most important piece of legislation passed by United States Congress Arguably the most important piece of legislation passed by United States Congress

Federal Reserve Banks

$500 Bill

$1,000 Bill

$5,000 Bill

$10,000 Bill

$100,000 Bill

Attack on Trusts Wilson wanted to break up all trusts Wilson wanted to break up all trusts Federal Trade Commission Act - of 1914 passed which empowered a presidentially appointed position to investigate the activities of trusts and stop unfair trade practices such as unlawful competition, false advertising, mislabeling, adulteration, & bribery. Federal Trade Commission Act - of 1914 passed which empowered a presidentially appointed position to investigate the activities of trusts and stop unfair trade practices such as unlawful competition, false advertising, mislabeling, adulteration, & bribery. Clayton Anti-Trust Act - lengthened the Sherman Anti-Trust Act’s list of practices that were objectionable, exempted labor unions from being called trusts (as they had been called by the Supreme Court under the Sherman Act), and legalized strikes and peaceful picketing by labor union members. Clayton Anti-Trust Act - lengthened the Sherman Anti-Trust Act’s list of practices that were objectionable, exempted labor unions from being called trusts (as they had been called by the Supreme Court under the Sherman Act), and legalized strikes and peaceful picketing by labor union members. Magna Carta of labor Magna Carta of labor

Wilson and Foreign Affairs Ended Taft’s dollar diplomacy Ended Taft’s dollar diplomacy When disorder broke out in Haiti in 1915, Wilson sent American Marines. When disorder broke out in Haiti in 1915, Wilson sent American Marines. In 1916, he sent marines to quell violence in the Dominican Republic. In 1916, he sent marines to quell violence in the Dominican Republic.

Wilson and Mexico In 1913 Mexico revolted and installed General Victorian Huerta to the presidency. In 1913 Mexico revolted and installed General Victorian Huerta to the presidency. Wilson would not recognize the government of Huerta Wilson would not recognize the government of Huerta American munitions flowed to Huerta’s rivals, Venustiano Carranza and Francisco (“Pancho”) Villa. American munitions flowed to Huerta’s rivals, Venustiano Carranza and Francisco (“Pancho”) Villa. After a small party of American sailors were arrested in Tampico, Mexico, in 1914, Wilson threatened to use force, and even ordered the navy to take over Vera Cruz, drawing the ABC powers— Argentina, Brazil, and Chile—mediated the situation, and Huerta fell from power and was succeeded by Carranza, who resented Wilson’s acts. After a small party of American sailors were arrested in Tampico, Mexico, in 1914, Wilson threatened to use force, and even ordered the navy to take over Vera Cruz, drawing the ABC powers— Argentina, Brazil, and Chile—mediated the situation, and Huerta fell from power and was succeeded by Carranza, who resented Wilson’s acts. Meanwhile, “Pancho” Villa, murdered 16 Americans in January 1916 in Mexico and then killed 19 more a month later in New Mexico Meanwhile, “Pancho” Villa, murdered 16 Americans in January 1916 in Mexico and then killed 19 more a month later in New Mexico Wilson sent General John J. Pershing to capture Villa, and he penetrated deep into Mexico, clashed with Carranza’s and Villa’s different forces, but didn’t take Villa. Wilson sent General John J. Pershing to capture Villa, and he penetrated deep into Mexico, clashed with Carranza’s and Villa’s different forces, but didn’t take Villa.

Beginning Of WWI June 28,1914 Archduke Franz Ferdinand heir to the throne of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and his wife are assassinated in Sarajevo. Archduke Franz Ferdinand heir to the throne of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and his wife are assassinated in Sarajevo. July 28 July 28 Emperor Franz Joseph of Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia. Emperor Franz Joseph of Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia. July 31 As an ally of Serbia, Russia announces full mobilization of her armed forces. As an ally of Serbia, Russia announces full mobilization of her armed forces. August 1 Germany mobilizes her armed forces and declares war on Russia. Germany mobilizes her armed forces and declares war on Russia. Photo: German soldiers celebrating start of war Photo: German soldiers celebrating start of war August 3 Germany declares war on France. Germany declares war on France. August 4 Germany declares war on neutral Belgium and invades in a right flanking move designed to defeat France quickly. As a result of this invasion, Britain declares war on Germany. Germany declares war on neutral Belgium and invades in a right flanking move designed to defeat France quickly. As a result of this invasion, Britain declares war on Germany.

Archduke Franz Ferdinand and wife in Sarejvo just before being shot

Triple Entente The Triple Entente were the countries at war with the Central Powers during World War I. The Triple Entente were the countries at war with the Central Powers during World War I. Russian Empire Russian Empire France France British Empire British Empire Italy Italy Empire of Japan Empire of Japan United States United States

Central Powers Germany Germany Austria-Hungary Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire Bulgaria Bulgaria

America Earns Blood Money U.S. profited from the war by trading with both sides in the dispute U.S. profited from the war by trading with both sides in the dispute Germany announced submarine warfare around the British Isles, warning the U.S. that it would not try to attack neutral ships but that mistakes would probably occur Germany announced submarine warfare around the British Isles, warning the U.S. that it would not try to attack neutral ships but that mistakes would probably occur Wilson thus warned that Germany would be held to “strict accountability” for any attacks on American ships. Wilson thus warned that Germany would be held to “strict accountability” for any attacks on American ships. Sinking of the Lusitania Sinking of the Lusitania Sinking of the Arabic – Arabic Pledge Sinking of the Arabic – Arabic Pledge Sinking of the Sussex – Sussex Pledge Sinking of the Sussex – Sussex Pledge

German Submarine

German Torpedo Hitting A British Ship

Sinking of the Lusitania

Lusitania

Coffins from the Lusitania hauled through Queenstown

Election of 1916 Democrats – Wilson Democrats – Wilson “He kept us out of war” “He kept us out of war” Preparedness Preparedness Republicans – Charles Evans Hughes Republicans – Charles Evans Hughes Wilson barely beat Hughes, with a vote of 277 to 254, with the final result dependent on results from California, and even though Wilson didn’t specifically promise to keep America out of war, enough people felt that he did to vote for him. Wilson barely beat Hughes, with a vote of 277 to 254, with the final result dependent on results from California, and even though Wilson didn’t specifically promise to keep America out of war, enough people felt that he did to vote for him. Strong support from the working class Strong support from the working class

Election of 1916