map/japan JAPANESE EXPANSION Dec. 7, 1941, Japan attacks Pearl Harbor US declares war on Japan. (Doolittle Raids) 1942 Philippines Bataan Death MarchBataan Death March JAPANESE EXPANSION Dec. 7, 1941, Japan attacks Pearl Harbor US declares war on Japan. (Doolittle Raids) 1942 Philippines Bataan Death MarchBataan Death March Guam Malaya New Guinea Threatening Australia and Hawaii Guam Malaya New Guinea Threatening Australia and Hawaii

map/japan TURNING POINT BATTLES1942 Midway Midway virtually destroyed Japanese Navy. TURNING POINT BATTLES1942 Midway Midway virtually destroyed Japanese Navy Continued “island hopping” strategy1943

The Battle of Midway Code-breakers heard the plan. Code-breakers heard the plan. At the Battle of Coral Sea, the Yorktown and the Lexington fended off a Japanese attack on New Guinea and preserved Australia. At the Battle of Coral Sea, the Yorktown and the Lexington fended off a Japanese attack on New Guinea and preserved Australia. Code-breakers learned of plan to attack Midway Code-breakers learned of plan to attack Midway Admiral Nimitz used this as an opportunity to ambush the Japanese fleet. Admiral Nimitz used this as an opportunity to ambush the Japanese fleet. At MIDWAY: Japanese planes were hit with antiaircraft fire, shooting down 38 planes. At MIDWAY: Japanese planes were hit with antiaircraft fire, shooting down 38 planes. Japan lost 100 pilots which hurt their Air War. Japan lost 100 pilots which hurt their Air War. American planes caught carriers by surprise—their fuel, bombs, and aircraft were exposed. American planes caught carriers by surprise—their fuel, bombs, and aircraft were exposed. Four Japanese carriers were sunk, destroying the heart of the navy. Four Japanese carriers were sunk, destroying the heart of the navy. This hit the Japanese hard—it halted Japanese expansion in the Pacific. This hit the Japanese hard—it halted Japanese expansion in the Pacific. Badly damaged Yorktown Fighting at the Battle of Midway

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General Douglas MacArthur WWII Military Leaders

Bataan Death March : April, 1942 [12,000 Americans]Approximately 80,000 US and Filipino troops [12,000 Americans] surrendered to the Japanese and were forced to march 60 miles to Camp O’Donnell. Several thousand died along the way from atrocities committed by the Japanese soldiers.

40 years later the U.S. admitted fault and began to make $20,000 reparations to camp survivors 1944 Supreme Court case, Korematsu vs. U.S., affirmed the constitutionality of this act.

Executive 9066

Gen. MacArthur “Returns” to the Philippines! [1944]

Japanese Kamikaze Planes: The Scourge of the South Pacific Kamikaze Pilots Kamikaze bombers  The last 2 years of the war, the Japanese resorted to “ suicidal bombers ” or Kamikaze bombers to destroy the American Navy.  Approximately 2,800 Kamikaze attackers sunk 34 Navy ships, damaged 368 others, killed 4,900 sailors, and wounded over 4,800.

map/japan TURNING POINT BATTLES1944 Battle of Leyete Gulf, recaptured the Philippines1945 Iwo Jima and Okinawa Put the US 500 miles from mainland Japan Began bombing mainland Japan TURNING POINT BATTLES1944 Battle of Leyete Gulf, recaptured the Philippines1945 Iwo Jima and Okinawa Put the US 500 miles from mainland Japan Began bombing mainland Japan

US Marines on Mt. Surbachi, Iwo Jima [Feb. 19, 1945]

IWO JIMA LOCATION Iwo Jima was Japanese home soil, part of Japan, only 650 miles from Tokyo. No foreign army in Japan's 5000 year history had successfully trod on Japanese soil. To the US, Iwo Jima's importance lay in its location, midway between Japan and American bomber bases in the Marianas. Japanese home islands had been reeling from strikes by the new, long range B-29's Many bombers fell prey to Japanese fighter-interceptor attacks three airfields Ideal sanctuary for crippled bombers

IWO JIMA The Japanese strategy was unique for three reasons: 1. The Japanese didn't fight above ground. They fought the battle entirely from beneath the ground. They dug 1,500 rooms into the rock. These were connected with 16 miles of tunnels. 2. Japanese strategy called for "no Japanese survivors." They planned not to survive. 3. Japanese strategy was for each soldier to kill 10 Americans before they themselves are killed. "You must not expect my survival," General Kuribayashi wrote to his wife long before the invasion came. General Kuribayashi's command center had 5 ft. thick walls, a 10 ft. thick roof. This cement capsule was under 75 ft. of solid rock.

IWO JIMA longest sustained aerial offensive of the war by the US to little effect "No other island received as much preliminary pounding as did Iwo Jima." …Admiral Nimitz US sent 110,000 Marines in 880 Ships Feb. 19 th land forces invade under heavy fire Mt. Suribachi, the 550-foot volcanic cone at the islands southern tip, dominates both possible landing beaches where Japanese gunners had virtually every Marine in range

IWO JIMA It was Sergeant Mike Strank who got the order to climb Mt. Suribachi. Mike picked his "boys" and led them safely to the top. Mike explained to the boys that the larger flag had to be raised so that "every Marine on this cruddy island can see it." Mike died on March 1, He was hit by a mortar as he was diagramming a plan in the sand for his boys. Mike is buried in Arlington National Cemetery “Easy Company started with 310 men. We suffered 75% casualties. Only 50 men boarded the ship after the battle. Seven officers went into the battle with me. Only one--me--walked off Iwo."... Captain Dave Severance, Commander (the Flag Raising Company)

Big Three Churchill, Truman and Stalin meet in Potsdam, Germany in July Truman informed of successful test of bomb. Demanded unconditional surrender from Japanese or a new weapon would be used. potsdam

A joint Allied Project consisting of Canadian, British and U.S. scientists to build an atomic bomb. Started in 1940….. By July 1945, 3 bombs had been built. 1 bomb = 20,000 tons of TNT One would be set off in New Mexico successfully. A joint Allied Project consisting of Canadian, British and U.S. scientists to build an atomic bomb. Started in 1940….. By July 1945, 3 bombs had been built. 1 bomb = 20,000 tons of TNT One would be set off in New Mexico successfully.

Arguments for use Japanese refused to surrender. Estimated an invasion similar to D-Day was needed to end war. Estimated Japan’s empire would last 2 years. Estimated Allied casualties at 1 million or more men with huge Japanese losses. Japanese leadership was told of the destructive power of the bomb Offered a period to surrender but declined. Arguments opposed Atomic bombs were untested and their destruction unknown Hiroshima and Nagasaki were not major military targets. Those killed in the attacks would be Japanese civilians. Radiation poisoning would have negative effects on the population. Nuclear weapons would set a precedent that using weapons of mass destruction was allowable in war

Sample of Japanese leaflet dropped by US warning the Japanese people the destructive power the bomb and to evacuate the cities.

Sample of Japanese leaflet dropped by US warning the Japanese people the bomb and the translation in English In the next few days the military installations in some or all of the cities named on the photograph will destroyed by American bombs. These cities contain military installations and workshops or factories which produce military goods. The American Air Force, which does not wish to injure innocent people, now gives you warning to evacuate the cities named and save your lives. America is not fighting the Japanese people But is fighting the military clique (govt. leaders) which has enslaved the Japanese people. The peace which America will bring will free the people from the oppression of the military clique and mean the emergence of a new and better Japan. You can restore peace by demanding new and good leaders who will end the war. We cannot promise that only these cities will be among those attacked, but some or all will be, so heed this warning and evacuate these cities immediately.

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Col. Paul Tibbets & the A-Bomb

Hiroshima – August 6, 1945  70,000 killed immediately  48,000 buildings. destroyed.  100,000s died of radiation poisoning & cancer later.

My fellow Americans, the British, Chinese and United States governments have given the Japanese people adequate warning of what is in store for them. The world will note that the first atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, a military base. If Japan does not surrender, bombs will have to be dropped on her war industries and unfortunately thousands of civilian lives will be lost.The world will note that the first atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, a military base. If Japan does not surrender, bombs will have to be dropped on her war industries and unfortunately thousands of civilian lives will be lost. I urge Japanese civilians to leave industrial cities immediately and save themselves. President Harry Truman

Japanese A-Bomb Survivors

The Beginning of the Atomic Age

Nagasaki – August 9, 1945  40,000 killed immediately  60,000 injured.  100,000s died of radiation poisoning & cancer later.

dictators  After the Nagasaki bombing, Emperor Hirohito surrendered to the Allies to end WWII in Japan.  “The time has come to bear the unbearable”.  Japan surrenders on Aug 14,  Official surrender ceremonies were held on Sept. 2, 1945 aboard the USS Missouri near Tokyo Bay. Emperor Horhito

Jap surrender Japan surrenders on Aug. 14, 1945……Official surrender ceremonies were held on Sept. 2, 1945

V-J Day response by Americans in New York City