A NATION DIVIDED CHAPTER 30, SECTION 3

QUIZ: SECTION 3 DEFINE THE FOLLOWING TERMS: THE NEW LEFT STUDENTS FOR A DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY FREE SPEECH MOVEMENT DOVE HAWK

VOCABULARY THE NEW LEFT STUDENTS FOR A DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY (S.D.S.) FREE SPEECH MOVEMENT (F.S.M.) DOVES HAWKS

IMPORTANT DATES 1959: SDS FOUNDED 1964: FSM FOUNDED 1967: ANTI-WAR PROTEST MARCH ON WASHINGTON McNAMARA ANNOUNCES HIS RESIGNATION

ANTI-WAR PROTEST U.S. MILITARY DRAFT SYSTEM BASED ON SELECTIVE SERVICE SYSTEM ALL U.S. MALES, 18 TO 26, HAD TO REGISTER DRAFTEES WOULD BE TAKEN FROM THAT POOL OF MEN SYSTEM WAS EASILY MANIPULATED LARGE #s TRY TO AVOID BEING DRAFTED HOW WAS DRAFT AVOIDED? MEDICAL “DEFERMENT” (Define) ENLISTING IN NATIONAL GUARD, COAST GUARD “CONSCIENTIOUS OBJECTION” (Define) COLLEGE DEFERMENT LAST RESORT: LEAVING U.S. (ex. CANADA) RESULT? MANY WHO AVOIDED DRAFT KNEW HOW TO MANIPULATE THE SYSTEM MANY WHO COULDN’T AVOID DRAFT WERE WORKING CLASS

ANTI-WAR PROTEST 80% OF U.S. SERVICEMEN IN V-NAM CAME FROM WORKING CLASS WHAT GROUPS HAVE HIGHEST #s OF DRAFTEES? AFRICAN-AMERICANS WORKING CLASS WHITES LATINOS PROBLEMS? RESENTMENT AT HEAVY BURDEN GROWS EX: 20% OF COMBAT DEATHS IN 1965-68 WERE AFRICAN-AMERICAN RACIAL TENSION IN MILITARY UNITS AND IN U.S. GROWS EX: 1969: RACE RIOT @ USMC CAMP LEJEUNE, N.C.

ANTI-WAR PROTEST SOME GROUPS TRY TO HELP SITUATION IN V-NAM: U.S. MILITARY DIDN’T ALLOW WOMEN IN COMBAT UNITS 7,500 WOMEN SERVE IN SUPPORT ROLES, SPECIFICALLY AS NURSES / MEDICAL AIDES WHERE? ARMY NAVY RED CROSS U.S.O. U.S.O.: DID / DOES WHAT? PROVIDES SERVICES FOR MILITARY (CARE PACKAGES, ENTERTAINMENT, COMMUNICATION SERVICES)

ROOTS OF OPPOSITION 1960’s COLLEGE STUDENTS ARE MORE POLITICALLY ACTIVE COLLEGE CAMPUSES ARE CENTERS OF POLITICAL ACTIVITY WHY? JFK’s NEW FRONTIER ENCOURAGED STUDENTS TO BE MORE INVOLVED IN NATIONAL ISSUES GROWTH OF CIVIL RIGHTS STRUGGLE BABY BOOM & CONSUMERISM CREATED MORE POTENTIAL COLLEGE STUDENTS WHO? “THE NEW LEFT” DESCRIBE: POLITICAL PROTEST GROUPS CALLING FOR CHANGES IN U.S. SOCIETY EXAMPLES? S.D.S: BEGAN @ U. OF MICHIGAN F.S.M. BEGAN @ U. OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY DID WHAT? CALLED FOR EXPANDED INDIVIDUAL FREEDOMS CRITICIZED “THE MACHINE”: GOV’T - BIG BUSINESS ALLIANCE

F.S.M. Rally @ UC-Berkley, 1964

PROTEST MOVEMENT GROWS 1966: LBJ CHANGES REQUIREMENTS FOR DEFERMENTS HOW? A COLLEGE STUDENT HAD TO BE IN GOOD ACADEMIC STANDING REACTION? PROTESTS ON COLLEGE CAMPUSES INCREASE LATE-’67: S.D.S. HAS 300 CHAPTERS ON CAMPUSES ACROSS U.S. MAJOR PROTESTS: SPRING,’67: NYC – CENTRAL PARK: 500,000 OCT.,’67: WASH., D.C. PROTEST: 75,000 ENDS IN VIOLENT CLASH @ PENTAGON 1500 INJURED, 700 ARRESTED

DIVIDED OPINIONS DOVES: Define HAWKS: Define 1967: MEDIA POLL RESULTS: 2/3 OF AMERICANS THINK WAR JUSTIFIED 50% THINK MORE BOMBING OF N.V. WOULD HELP WIN WAR 70% BELIEVED WAR PROTESTS WERE DISLOYAL ACTS

FAMOUS SLOGANS “HELL NO, WE WON’T GO!” “BURN CARDS, NOT PEOPLE!” “DRAFT BEER, NOT PEOPLE!” “HEY, HEY, LBJ... HOW MANY KIDS HAVE YOU KILLED TODAY?!!” “AMERICA…LOVE IT, OR LEAVE IT!” “SUPPORT OUR MEN IN VIETNAM.”