Class activity – Human Bingo The Communication Process Speaker Anxiety
Informative - Focuses on conveying facts and promoting understanding. Persuasive - Seeks to influence choices and opinions. Special occasion - Lends a sense of distinction to special occasions.
Environment Message Encoded SPEAKERSPEAKER
Language (Verbal) - spoken or written words Paralanguage (Vocal) - tone, pitch, volume, etc. Non-Verbal (Visual) - eye contact, facial expressions, posture, etc.
Environment Message Encoded SPEAKERSPEAKER Frame of Reference
Beliefs Attitudes Values Background (e.g. education, gender, race, hometown) Experiences
Environment Message Encoded SPEAKERSPEAKER Frame of Reference Message Decoded LISTENERLISTENER Frame of Reference
What are some reasons for a speaker’s nervousness? Why should a speaker never draw attention to their nervousness? Why are fear and nervousness beneficial to a public speaker?
Types of Anxiety Situational – anxiety caused by factors present in a specific speaking situation Trait – internal anxieties an individual brings to the speaking situation
Feeling nervous in a new speaking situation Situational anxiety is normal and necessary to dynamic communication Experienced speakers get situational anxiety
Prepare and practice ◦ Prepare using notes and visuals ◦ Practice out loud at least three times Warm-up before speaking Use deep breathing Plan a relaxing introduction Use visual aids ◦ Visual aids keep your hands occupied ◦ Visual aids shift attention away from you ◦ Visual aids help you remember what you are going to say
A feeling of dissimarlity to other speakers A feeling of anxiety due to prior speaking history A feeling of subordinate status
Step 1 ◦ Develop a habit of positive self talk Step 2 ◦ Refocus negative mental pictures into positive ones Step 3 ◦ Compete only with yourself
“ The only difference between the pros and the novices is that the pros have trained their butterflies to fly in formation.” - Edward R. Murrow