 What is a THEME?  What does it tell you?  Give an example of a theme and explain what it tells you…  How does the theme you chose make you feel?

 a subject of a talk;  a topic;  a recurring idea;  a motif;  the main melody of a piece of music

 Think about the overall theme of Ancient Greece as we move through the next section.

 The physical geography of the Aegean Basin shaped the economic, social, and political development of Greek civilization.  The expansion of Greek civilization through trade and colonization led to the spread of Greek culture across the Mediterranean and Black seas.  Greek mythology was based on a polytheistic religion that was integral to culture, politics, and art in ancient Greece.  Many of Western civilization’s symbols, metaphors, words, and idealized images come from ancient Greek mythology.

1. Can you think of any examples of Ancient Greece used in today’s popular media? (TV, Movies, Etc…) 2. What are some famous Greek names that you have heard of? 3. What about in other subjects in school? Are there any visible contributions of Greek culture?

 Aegean Sea  Balkan Peninsula  Peloponnesus  Asia Minor  Mediterranean Sea  Black Sea  Dardanelles  Athens, Sparta, Troy  Macedonia

 Plato (c BC) - He was a brilliant student of Socrates and later carried on his work. He gathered Socrates' ideas and wrote them down in a book. Plato founded the world's first university. He wrote down his teachings and people all over the world, even today, study the Greek philosophers  Aristotle ( BC) - discovered many things in science and biology. He wrote books about physics, poetry, zoology, biology, politics, governments, and more. His father was the personal physician of the King of Macedonia.  Parmenides - watched an eclipse of the Moon in about 470 BC, and noticed that the Earth's shadow was curved. He worked out that if the shadow was curved, then the Earth must be round.  Archimedes - was a mathematician and an engineer. He designed a machine, called the Archimedean screw, which could make water flow uphill. His design has been used for almost 2,000 years, to take water from rivers to the fields.  Pythagoras - was a mathematician. Pythagoras' theorem on right triangles.  Alexander the Great - Alexander the Great was born in 356 B.C. in Pella, Macedonia, the son of Philip of Macedon, who was an excellent general and organizer. He was called 'the Great' because he conquered more lands than anyone before him and became the overall ruler of Greece.

 Think of what you know and what you’ve seen today…  Can you think of a song or movie soundtrack that could be used as a theme for Ancient Greece?  What kinds of contributions did Greece make to modern society?

 How does physical geography affect the lives of people today?  Example: Bodies of Water, Mountains, Islands, Plains, etc…

 Agriculture (limited arable land)  Commerce and the spread of Hellenic culture  Shift from barter to money economy (coins)

 What is a Numismatist? What is a Numismatist?

 ancient-civilizations-greek-mythology- video.htm ancient-civilizations-greek-mythology- video.htm  What TWO things do Greek Myths try to explain?

 Mountains both helped and hindered the development of city-states  Greek cities were designed to promote civic and commercial life  Colonization was prompted by overpopulation and the search for arable land

 How did mythology help the early Greek civilization explain the natural world and the human condition?

 Polytheistic Religion  Offered explanations of natural phenomena, human qualities, and life events  Greek Gods and Goddesses often played tricks on each other and had human characteristics and personalities.

 Zeus, Hera, Apollo, Artemis, Athena, Aphrodite  Symbols and images in Western literature, art, and architecture

God of justice and mercy, protector of the weak, punisher of the wicked.

Supreme Goddess, goddess of marriage and childbirth and takes special care of married women.

The god of healing who taught man medicine. God of light, music, & truth

Goddess of the hunt, the moon, and the natural environment

Goddess of reason, intelligence, art, literature, and War

Goddess of love and beauty

 How did Ancient Greek Gods and Goddesses provide explanations of human existence and the natural world?  Provide examples!

 How did democracy develop in Athens? ▪ There are 4 stages  Refer to your charts from last Thurs/Fri

 Classical Athens developed the most democratic system of government the world had ever seen, although not everyone could participate in decision making. It became a foundation of modern democracies.

 Citizens had political rights and the responsibility of civic participation in government.  Who is a citizen?  FREE  ADULT  MALE

 Women and foreigners had no political rights.  Slaves had no political rights.

A city-state is an independent country whose territory consists of a city which is not administered as part of another government.

 Stages in the evolution of Athenian government: monarchy, oligarchy, tyranny, democracy  Tyrants who worked for reform: Draco, Solon  Draco: Solon:  Origin of democratic principles: Direct democracy, public debate, duties of the citizen

 Oligarchy (rule by a small group)  Rigid social structure  Military society

 Read Excerpt A

 Read: Excerpt B  Be ready to discuss the questions and the Greek Values shown in the reading.

 A series of conflicts between the Empire of Persia and city-states of the Hellenic world that started in 499 BCE and lasted until 450 BCE. EmpirePersiaHellenic world

 Happened outside of Athens  Athens’ victory was overwhelming: 6,400 Persians but only 192 Athenians died  Messenger ran about 25 mi (40 km) back to Athens, where he announced the victory before dying of exhaustion  In another version, an Athenian runner was sent to Sparta before the battle to ask for help, running 150 miles in two days; Sparta refused

 Battle in northern Greece (480 BC) in the Persian Wars. The Greek forces, mostly Spartan, were led by Leonidas. After three days of holding their own against the Persian king Xerxes I and his vast southward-advancing army, the Greeks were betrayed, and the Persians were able to outflank them. Sending the main army in retreat, Leonidas and a small contingent remained behind to resist the advance and were killed to the last man.Persian WarsLeonidasXerxes I

 Think of any quiz questions you want answered!  Anything you want reviewed?

 The Greek fleet of some 370 ships, under the command of Themistocles, lured the Persian fleet of about 800 ships into the narrow strait between the island of Salamis and the Athenian port of Piraeus.Themistocles  Athens sank about 300 Persian vessels while losing only about 40 of their own.  As a result of this battle, Xerxes had to postpone his planned land offensive, giving the Greek city- states time to unite against him.Xerxes

 Name the 3 battles of the Persian Wars that we have covered.  What were the outcomes of those battles—Who Won?  How many Persian Wars were there?

Why are the Persian Wars important?  1. Persian wars united Athens and Sparta against the Persian Empire.

 Why are the Persian Wars important?  2. Athenian victories over the Persians at Marathon and Salamis left Greeks in control of the Aegean Sea.

 Why are the Persian Wars important?  3. Athens preserved its independence and continued innovations in government and culture.

 Attempt to answer the following questions.  Drama: What are the two main genres of Plays/Movies?  Literature: Homer’s “Iliad” and “Odyssey” are examples of what kind of literature?  History: The “Father of History”, Herodotus, is sometimes known for mixing ____________ into his historical writings.  Art: Besides drawings and paintings, how do we know what the ancient Greeks looked like?  Architecture: What kind of Columns are on the front of LCHS?  Science: How do we know that the Earth is a Spheroid?  Mathematics: (A*A + B*B = C*C) Explains the dimensions of what geometric shape?  Philosophy: Why are you here? / How did you get here?/ How do you know?

 Greece is responsible for inventing and innovating many of the things we use today—math, history, architecture, art, literature, drama, philosophy, science, and many others.  Today, we will explore and explain how these inventions and innovations developed, who developed them, and provide examples of how they shape our world today.

 Choose an area of study from the list on the Next Slide.  Answer the questions associated with your chosen area.  Give some background information that applies to your specific topic.  Add some additional information of interest.

 Drama: Aeschylus, Sophocles  Poetry: Homer  History: Herodotus, Thucydides  Sculpture: Phidias  Architecture: Types of columns: (Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian)  Science: Archimedes, Hippocrates  Mathematics: Euclid, Pythagoras  Philosophy: Socrates, Plato, Aristotle

 Remember back to when we talked about ancient India… We defined a GOLDEN AGE! Redefine this word—what does it mean? What kind of things happen? Explain!

 Drama: Aeschylus, Sophocles  Poetry: Homer  History: Herodotus, Thucydides  Sculpture: Phidias  Architecture: Types of columns: (Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian)  Science: Archimedes, Hippocrates  Mathematics: Euclid, Pythagoras  Philosophy: Socrates, Plato, Aristotle

 Time between the Persian and the Peloponnesian Wars

 Pericles extended democracy; most adult males had an equal voice.

 Pericles had Athens rebuilt after destruction in the Persian Wars; the Parthenon is an example of this reconstruction.

 Drama: Aeschylus, Sophocles  Poetry: Homer  History: Herodotus, Thucydides  Sculpture: Phidias  Science: Archimedes, Hippocrates  Mathematics: Euclid, Pythagoras  Philosophy: Socrates, Plato, Aristotle

 You have the names and the fields of study, now talk to others in the class to find famous works by each of the people on the sheet.

 Caused by competition for control of the Greek world:  Athens and the Delian League versus Sparta and the Peloponnesian League

 Results:  Slowed cultural advance  Weakened political power

 Explain how and why Greece declined.  Who will take advantage of this decline of the city-states?  What kingdom will grow to take over all of Greece?

Born: 356 B.C.E. Died: 323 B.C.E.