England & The New World 1.5

Spain’s Success England, France, Netherlands interested 1500’s –Explorers –Fishermen –Pirates –Fur traders 1600’s settlements

1500’s Religious Unrest 16 th Cen. England second rate power –Racked w/ internal conflict Henry VIII –Edward VI (1547) Mary (1553) Elizabeth ( )

Ireland Conquest lasted into 1600’s Catholic threat Methods developed later used in America on Indians – “Wild Irish/ American Indian –Slaughter –Military conquest –Land seizure –English economics –Settlement

Charters Right to build colony at own expense 1585 Sir Walter Raleigh settlement on Roanoke Island NC –100 people young military men –Raid Spanish too –1586 return to Eng.

Lost Colony of Roanoke people mostly families permanent settlement 1590 supply ship arrives & people are all gone “Croaton” Raleigh bankrupt Colonies will need govt support

English Motivation Gold, Glory, God Spain bad = anti-Catholicism, Black Legend = English freedom –Liberate New World –Indians will welcome us England repeats Spanish behaviors Empire = Freedom

England could rival Spain & France if the build empire. NA could be source of trade (land & animals) not gold & sugar.

“England grows weary of her inhabitants” Population growth –1550 3M – M Landowners evict small farmers for sheep Cities overcrowded & wages fall Unemployed a burden –Whipped, army, forced labor, forced to leave America the solution - productive

Masterless Men Those who control their own labor are truly free. America = unique opportunity –Land = freedom –1623 J. Smith “every man a master & owner of own land & labor” –200 acres impossible in England Economic freedom is the gold