Nutrition ProStart 1 Chapter 6

Essential Questions Why should we worry about a healthy diet? Why should we worry about a healthy diet? How can what you eat and drink affect your overall health? How can what you eat and drink affect your overall health? How can you tell if what you are eating is healthy? How can you tell if what you are eating is healthy?

After Chapter 6 you should be able to… Characterize the role of a carbohydrate, hormone, fiber, starch, fat, protein, water, nutrients and minerals and identify food that contains these Characterize the role of a carbohydrate, hormone, fiber, starch, fat, protein, water, nutrients and minerals and identify food that contains these Describe cholesterol and name different foods that have cholesterol Describe cholesterol and name different foods that have cholesterol Differentiate between complete and incomplete proteins Differentiate between complete and incomplete proteins Use and identify RDA and food pyramid plans Use and identify RDA and food pyramid plans Describe a healthy diet and interpret a food label Describe a healthy diet and interpret a food label Design ways to make recipes healthier Design ways to make recipes healthier

Nutrition is.. The study of foods, their nutrients and other chemical components, and the effects of food components on health. The study of foods, their nutrients and other chemical components, and the effects of food components on health. It is a SCIENCE that is interdisciplinary, meaning it overlaps with other sciences…like what? It is a SCIENCE that is interdisciplinary, meaning it overlaps with other sciences…like what?

Nutrition Nutrients are chemicals in food that the body needs to work properly. Nutrients are chemicals in food that the body needs to work properly. Provide energy Provide energy Build and repair cells Build and repair cells Keep systems in the body working properly…which body systems? Remember….interdisciplinary Keep systems in the body working properly…which body systems? Remember….interdisciplinary

Six Main Groups of Nutrients Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Fats Fats Proteins Proteins Vitamins Vitamins Minerals Minerals Water Water Synergy…..what? Synergy…..what?

Diet and malnutrition What is a diet? What is a diet? The food that you eat The food that you eat What is malnutrition? What is malnutrition? Not eating the right amount of the nutrients that you need Not eating the right amount of the nutrients that you need

Macro/Micro Macro – Large job – Fuel – give energy Macro – Large job – Fuel – give energy Carbs, Fats, Proteins Micro – Small amounts – vitamins and minerals Micro – Small amounts – vitamins and minerals What are the consequences of if we get too much of these? What are the consequences of if we get too much of these? Obesity, heart disease, Type 2 diabetes, stress on joints Obesity, heart disease, Type 2 diabetes, stress on joints

Carbohydrates Provide energy – help body use protein and fat efficiently Provide energy – help body use protein and fat efficiently Two types: simple and complex Two types: simple and complex Simple – sugars (glucose) found naturally (fruit, vegetables, milk, honey) Simple – sugars (glucose) found naturally (fruit, vegetables, milk, honey) Insulin allows the glucose to travel through the body to use up the energy Insulin allows the glucose to travel through the body to use up the energy If you do not have enough insulin production and blood sugar levels can lead to symptoms of diabetes If you do not have enough insulin production and blood sugar levels can lead to symptoms of diabetes

Carbs - continued Complex – two types Complex – two types Starch – potatoes, corn, rice, pasta, dry beans and peas; breads, cereals – all necessary for good health Starch – potatoes, corn, rice, pasta, dry beans and peas; breads, cereals – all necessary for good health Fiber – found only in plants; cannot be broken down and is not absorbed in the intestines. High fiber foods include bran, legumes, fruits, vegetables, and whole grains…all essential for good health and nutrition. Fiber – found only in plants; cannot be broken down and is not absorbed in the intestines. High fiber foods include bran, legumes, fruits, vegetables, and whole grains…all essential for good health and nutrition.

Proteins Build and repair cells Build and repair cells Made of 22 building blocks called amino acids – 13 our bodies make, the other 9 we get from foods Made of 22 building blocks called amino acids – 13 our bodies make, the other 9 we get from foods About 1/5 of body total weight is protein (skin, muscles, hair, nails) About 1/5 of body total weight is protein (skin, muscles, hair, nails)

Fats Good fats, bad fats Good fats, bad fats Fats solid at room temp Fats solid at room temp Oils liquid at room temp Oils liquid at room temp Essential nutrient that supplies chemicals called essential fatty acids for healthy skin, cells, and bodily functions Essential nutrient that supplies chemicals called essential fatty acids for healthy skin, cells, and bodily functions 3 types – saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated – pg types – saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated – pg 258 Cholesterol – white waxy substance that helps carry out body functions – little OK, too much linked with heart disease Cholesterol – white waxy substance that helps carry out body functions – little OK, too much linked with heart disease

Vitamins Mixtures of chemicals in food Mixtures of chemicals in food Help carbs, fats, and mineral do their job Help carbs, fats, and mineral do their job Two types Two types Fat soluble – (Vit A, D, E and K) Fat soluble – (Vit A, D, E and K) Water soluble (Vit C and B) Water soluble (Vit C and B)

Minerals Trace Trace Remember Chemistry elements? Remember Chemistry elements? Na, Mg, P, K, Ca Na, Mg, P, K, Ca Essential Essential

Water Essential for human life Essential for human life ½ body ½ body Live only a few days with no water Live only a few days with no water Have you every been dehydrated? Have you every been dehydrated? Water from food sources – like what? Water from food sources – like what?