Are they helpful or harmful? Fungi Are they helpful or harmful?

Traits of Fungi Most fungi have cells with a cell wall and more than one nucleus Most are

Traits of Fungi They are either: . Saprobes – feed on material from previously living things (shoes, dead trees, dead animals etc.) or Parasites – which eat or derive there energy from living things. .

Traits of Fungi To reproduce, they send out spores instead of seeds. Carry pieces of broken hyphae to new places Form Buds in which a small part of the parent grows into a new organism.

Traits of Fungi Most are multicellular Some like yeasts are unicellular

Examples of Fungi Bread Mold

Examples of Fungus Moldy Fruit

Examples of Fungus Tree Fungus

Kinds of Fungi Sporangia-produce spores at the end of treelike structures called hyphae. (ex. Hyphae)

Kinds of Fungi Club Fungi - have hyphae that form branches underground. They have club shaped parts that produce spores.

Kinds of Fungi Sac Fungi – produce spores in sac-like structures.

Helpful Fungi Food – mushrooms Used to make cheese – Blue Cheese Used to make wine, beer, and whiskey (Yeast) Used to make bread rise Used to make soy sauce from soy beans Used to break down materials and recycle wastes and dead organisms Used to make certain drugs (ex. Penicillin)

Mushrooms

Blue Cheese

Wine, Beer, and Whiskey

Soy Sauce

Decaying Tree

Lichens Lichens are mutualistic symbiotic organisms. They have a fungus and a bacterial portion. There are three lichen growth forms which are predominant in nature

Fruticose Crustose Foliose

Mycorrhizae Mycorrhizae means “fungus-root”; mutualistic relationship between plant and fungi The plant photosynthesizes while the fungus more efficiently takes up nutrients and water from the rhizosphere than the roots would alone. Plant benefits include: Improved nutrient/water uptake Improved root growth Improved plant growth and yield Improved disease resistance Reduced transplant shock Reduced drought stress

Penicillin

Harmful Fungus Cause food spoilage Cause plant disease such as rusts, Dutch Elm Disease, and mildew Cause Human diseases such as Ring Worm, Athlete’s Foot, Thrush, lung Infections, and Yeast Infections Destroy leather, fabrics, plastics, etc.

Food Spoilage

Dutch Elm Disease

Ringworm

Athlete’s Foot

Thrush

Fungal Lung Infection

Yeast Infections

Fungus Destroying Leather