 Misogyny › The hatred of women  Gender inequality created by the perception that females are inferior in intelligence and strength  1900 only New Zealand permitted women to vote  Feminism › advocating equal social, political, and economic rights for men and women

 Women make up 50% of the world population  Women contribute nearly 66% of working hours (housework included)  Women receive only 10% of the world’s income  Women own less than 1% of the world’s property

 Early 1900s  A Room of One’s Own › Lesbian themes › Feminist themes  Equal opportunity for education and economic advancement were more important than right to vote  Women must achieve independence from men

 WWII provided jobs and financial independence for many women  Simone de Beauvoir, 1949, The Second Sex › “Myth of femininity” – the false and disempowering idea that women are preordained to be subordinate to men › Women as “the other sex”

 Betty Friedan (1963), The Feminine Mystique › American society had brainwashed women to prefer the role of wife and mother › Attacked Freud’s view of women as failed men › Encouraged women to seek careers outside the house

 National Organization for Women (NOW)  Sexual Revolution  Birth Control

Niki De Saint Phalle Black Venus 1965 – 1967 Painted Polyester

Judy Chicago The Dinner Party 1974 – 1979 Multimedia

Ana Mendieta Tree of Life from the Silvetas series 1977 Color photograph

Cindy Sherman Untitled # Color Photograph

Cindy Sherman Untitled # $384,000 Christie’s New York May 17, 2007

Barbara Kruger Untitled (“Your body is a battleground”) 1989 Photographic silkscreen on vinyl

Robert Mapplethorpe Lisa Lyon 1982 Silver gelatin print