1 New policies in environmental quality strategies within the EU Twinning Project SK 05/IB/EN/01 Fulvio Ferrara Istituto Superiore di Sanità - Rome, Italy Twinning Project SK 05/IB/EN/01 Fulvio Ferrara Istituto Superiore di Sanità - Rome, Italy

2 > chemical compounds: Industrial, consumer, pharmaca, personal care, etc. DDT and metabolites (DDD, DDE) Aldrin Dieldrin Endrin Isodrin Carbon tetrachloride Perchloroethylene Trichloroethylen DDT and metabolites (DDD, DDE) Aldrin Dieldrin Endrin Isodrin Carbon tetrachloride Perchloroethylene Trichloroethylen Alachlor Atrazine Benzene Brominated Diphenylethers C10-13 Chloroalkanes Chlorfenvinphos Chlorpyrifos Dichloromethane Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate Diuron Endosulfan Isoproturon Lead and its compounds Nickel and its compounds Nonylphenols Octylphenols Pentachlorobenzene Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons Simazine Tributyltin compounds Trifluralin Alachlor Atrazine Benzene Brominated Diphenylethers C10-13 Chloroalkanes Chlorfenvinphos Chlorpyrifos Dichloromethane Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate Diuron Endosulfan Isoproturon Lead and its compounds Nickel and its compounds Nonylphenols Octylphenols Pentachlorobenzene Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons Simazine Tributyltin compounds Trifluralin Cadmium and compouds 1,2-Dichloroethane Hexachlorobenzene Hexachlorobutadien Hexachlorocyclohexane Mercury and its compounds Pentachlorophenol Trichlorobenzene Trichloromethane Cadmium and compouds 1,2-Dichloroethane Hexachlorobenzene Hexachlorobutadien Hexachlorocyclohexane Mercury and its compounds Pentachlorophenol Trichlorobenzene Trichloromethane WFD priority substances 76/464 Dangerous Substances Directive River basin specific pollutants OSPAR, ECB, BKH ED list, DWD, other pollutants lists

3 Directive Proposal on Environmental Quality Standard in the field of water policy Final Publication ( Autumn 2008 )

4 Key components Annexes Key components Annexes Annex 1 – EQS for water phase for 33 priority substancesAnnex 1 – EQS for water phase for 33 priority substances – EQS for 8 list I substances of dangerous substances directive (DDT, Aldrin, Dieldrin..) – EQS for 8 list I substances of dangerous substances directive (DDT, Aldrin, Dieldrin..) EQS Biota (for hexachlorobenzene, mercury and hexachloroutadieneEQS Biota (for hexachlorobenzene, mercury and hexachloroutadiene –Part C – Compliance issues Annex 2 – Annex X identifying 2 new PHS and 12 “candidates” as PS (i.e. 13 of 33 substances would be PHS)Annex 2 – Annex X identifying 2 new PHS and 12 “candidates” as PS (i.e. 13 of 33 substances would be PHS) Annex 1 – EQS for water phase for 33 priority substancesAnnex 1 – EQS for water phase for 33 priority substances – EQS for 8 list I substances of dangerous substances directive (DDT, Aldrin, Dieldrin..) – EQS for 8 list I substances of dangerous substances directive (DDT, Aldrin, Dieldrin..) EQS Biota (for hexachlorobenzene, mercury and hexachloroutadieneEQS Biota (for hexachlorobenzene, mercury and hexachloroutadiene –Part C – Compliance issues Annex 2 – Annex X identifying 2 new PHS and 12 “candidates” as PS (i.e. 13 of 33 substances would be PHS)Annex 2 – Annex X identifying 2 new PHS and 12 “candidates” as PS (i.e. 13 of 33 substances would be PHS)

5 Environmental Quality Standards Environmental Quality Standards Annual average and maximum allowable concentrationAnnual average and maximum allowable concentration Difference between inland waters (rivers, lakes) and others (transitional, coastal and territorial)Difference between inland waters (rivers, lakes) and others (transitional, coastal and territorial) Different provisions for metals (e.g. dissolved concentration, bioavailability, hardness factor for Cd)Different provisions for metals (e.g. dissolved concentration, bioavailability, hardness factor for Cd) Peer reviewed by SCTEEPeer reviewed by SCTEE Annual average and maximum allowable concentrationAnnual average and maximum allowable concentration Difference between inland waters (rivers, lakes) and others (transitional, coastal and territorial)Difference between inland waters (rivers, lakes) and others (transitional, coastal and territorial) Different provisions for metals (e.g. dissolved concentration, bioavailability, hardness factor for Cd)Different provisions for metals (e.g. dissolved concentration, bioavailability, hardness factor for Cd) Peer reviewed by SCTEEPeer reviewed by SCTEE

6 Other Issues (Directive Proposal) Other Issues (Directive Proposal) Transitional Areas of ExceedanceTransitional Areas of Exceedance Inventory of Emission and Discharges of Priority Substances.Inventory of Emission and Discharges of Priority Substances. Annex with 13 new dangerous substances (review by European Commission within 1 year)Annex with 13 new dangerous substances (review by European Commission within 1 year) Transitional Areas of ExceedanceTransitional Areas of Exceedance Inventory of Emission and Discharges of Priority Substances.Inventory of Emission and Discharges of Priority Substances. Annex with 13 new dangerous substances (review by European Commission within 1 year)Annex with 13 new dangerous substances (review by European Commission within 1 year)

7 PROTECTION OBJECTIVES METHODOLOGY FOR THE DERIVATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARDS Pelagic comunity (inland waters) Acute and chronic bioassay Use of assessment factors (annex V Directive 2000/60) Pelagic community (marine waters) Acute and chronic bioassays Use of assessment factors/ TGD Benthic community (inland waters) Equilibrium partitioning method Toxicity data benthos Comunità bentonica (marine waters) Equilibrium partitioning mehod Toxicity data benthos Top predators (marine mammals) Toxicity data - birds diet - use of BCF e BMF Human Health (consumption of fish products) Tolerable daily intake- Use of BCF Human Health (consumption of drinking water) European Directive 75/440/CE Drinking water directive – 98/83/CE Removal Efficiency

8 EQS for sediments and biota: relevant for the most hydrophobic contaminants Adsorbed on SPM “Dissolved” (0.45 µm filtered) Sedimentation BCF BMF 1 BMF 2 Kp (equilibrium partitioning) Secondary poisoning ? Turbation Waterborne uptake Dietary intake Historic pollution Ecotoxicity for benthic organisms ? Log Kow EAF-PS (8), Brussels, 20/02/2006 slide 8

9 Draft COMMISSION DIRECTIVE of [Day Month 2007] laying down, pursuant to Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, technical specifications for chemical analysis and monitoring of water status Draft COMMISSION DIRECTIVE of [Day Month 2007] laying down, pursuant to Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, technical specifications for chemical analysis and monitoring of water status

10 Subject matter This Decision lays down technical specifications for chemical analysis and monitoring of water chemical status in accordance with Article 8(3) of Directive 2000/60/EC. It establishes minimum performance criteria for methods of analysis to be applied by Member States when monitoring water chemical status, sediment and biota, as well as rules for demonstrating the quality of analytical results. NB: Article 8(3) is the legal basis for this decision, which cannot go beyond “technical specifications” Subject matter This Decision lays down technical specifications for chemical analysis and monitoring of water chemical status in accordance with Article 8(3) of Directive 2000/60/EC. It establishes minimum performance criteria for methods of analysis to be applied by Member States when monitoring water chemical status, sediment and biota, as well as rules for demonstrating the quality of analytical results. NB: Article 8(3) is the legal basis for this decision, which cannot go beyond “technical specifications” Article 1

11 Terms and definitions It includes definitions about Limit of Detection, Limit of Quantification and Measurement Uncertainty, which are consistent with ISO/DIS NB: Originally a reference was made to ISO/DIS but this standard will likely not be adopted before 2009, and we cannot make a reference to a draft standard, hence the decision to include definitions that will be legally-binding in the context of the decision (hope that the ISO/DIS will not change!) Terms and definitions It includes definitions about Limit of Detection, Limit of Quantification and Measurement Uncertainty, which are consistent with ISO/DIS NB: Originally a reference was made to ISO/DIS but this standard will likely not be adopted before 2009, and we cannot make a reference to a draft standard, hence the decision to include definitions that will be legally-binding in the context of the decision (hope that the ISO/DIS will not change!) Article 2

12 Methods of analysis 1. Member States shall ensure that all methods of analysis, including laboratory, field and on-line methods, used for the purposes of chemical monitoring programmes carried out under Directive 2000/60/EC are validated and documented in accordance with EN ISO/IEC standard. 2. Methods of analysis shall cover all relevant physico-chemical and chemical measurands, including measurands that are defined by a specific operation for which the use of standard analytical methods adopted by ISO or CEN is mandatory. Methods of analysis 1. Member States shall ensure that all methods of analysis, including laboratory, field and on-line methods, used for the purposes of chemical monitoring programmes carried out under Directive 2000/60/EC are validated and documented in accordance with EN ISO/IEC standard. 2. Methods of analysis shall cover all relevant physico-chemical and chemical measurands, including measurands that are defined by a specific operation for which the use of standard analytical methods adopted by ISO or CEN is mandatory. Article 3

13 Water Directors Steering of implementation process Chair: Presidency, Co-chair: Commission Water Directors Steering of implementation process Chair: Presidency, Co-chair: Commission Strategic Co-ordination Group Co-ordination of work programme Chair: Commission Strategic Co-ordination Group Co-ordination of work programme Chair: Commission Stakeholders, NGO’s, Researchers, Experts, etc. Art. 21 Committee Working Group A “Ecological Status” Chair: JRC, DE and UK Working Group A “Ecological Status” Chair: JRC, DE and UK An ‘institutional hook’ - Common Implementation Strategy Working Group D “Reporting” Chair: Commission, EEA and FR Working Group D “Reporting” Chair: Commission, EEA and FR "GIS” Expert Network Working Group C “Groundwater” Chair: Commission and AT Working Group C “Groundwater” Chair: Commission and AT “Chemical Monitoring” Strategic Steering Group “WFD and Agriculture” Chair: FR, UK and Commission Strategic Steering Group “WFD and Agriculture” Chair: FR, UK and Commission Strategic Steering Group “WFD and Hydromorphology” Chair: DE, UK and Commission Strategic Steering Group “WFD and Hydromorphology” Chair: DE, UK and Commission Working Group E “Priority Substances” Chair: Commission Working Group E “Priority Substances” Chair: Commission “Chemical Monitoring” Drafting Group “Objectives/Exemptions/ Economics” Chair: Commission and DK Drafting Group “Objectives/Exemptions/ Economics” Chair: Commission and DK Stakeholder Forum “Water Scarcity and Droughts” Chair: Commission Co- Chair: FR/ES/IT Stakeholder Forum “Water Scarcity and Droughts” Chair: Commission Co- Chair: FR/ES/IT Working Group F “Floods” Chair: Commission Working Group F “Floods” Chair: Commission

14 CMA-1 Exchange of best practices CMA-1 Exchange of best practices CHEMICAL MONITORING ACTIVITY Chair: EU Commission, Italy, JRC STRATEGIC CO-ORDINATION GROUP PLENARY CMA (GW, SW/MW) PLENARY CMA (GW, SW/MW) CMA-2 QA_QC CMA-2 QA_QC CMA-3 Standardisation (CEN TC/230) CMA-3 Standardisation (CEN TC/230) Sharing best practices Identification of gaps and needs Analytical methods, sampling Practical exercises Sediment and biota Sharing best practices Identification of gaps and needs Analytical methods, sampling Practical exercises Sediment and biota Follow-up of COM decision Discussion of common strategy (EAQC-WISE) Follow-up of COM decision Discussion of common strategy (EAQC-WISE) Identification of standards Follow-up of CEN work Links with RTD Identification of standards Follow-up of CEN work Links with RTD WG Groundwater WG priority substances