GLONASS System: Present Day and Prospective Status and Performance Presented by: Sergey V. Averin (Russian Institute Of Space Device Engineering) On Behalf of F e d e r a l S p a c e A g e n c y European Navigation Conference GNSS-2006 Manchester, UK May, 7-10, 2006

Overview  State Policy  GLONASS Current Status and Performance  GLONASS Modernization Plans  User Applications  International Cooperation  Summary

State Policy Principles ●Position Navigation and Time (PNT) activities is one of priorities of the Russian Federation ●GLONASS is a dual-use system (civil/defense ) ●GLONASS is a key element of the PNT activity Basic principles of the GLONASS use within PNT activities: ●No direct user fees exist for the GLONASS service ●Open access is guaranteed to the GLONASS civil signal structure for user equipment and applications development ●Application of combined GLONASS/GPS receivers is promoted within Russian territory ●Compatibility and interoperability of GLONASS with GPS and future GALILEO has to be maintained ●GLONASS involvement in the GNSS global markets is a target

Basic document defining GLONASS development for the period of : Federal GLONASS Programme Government Resolution №587, Government Resolution №365,

Basic Topics Of The Federal GLONASS Programme ●GLONASS system maintenance and development ●Development and production of the GNSS user equipment for civil and special purpose applications ●Navigation technology introduction into the transport infrastructure ●Geodetic reference frames modernization Federal GLONASS Programme is directly funded from the Federal Budget with annual corrections Federal GLONASS Programme is directly funded from the Federal Budget with annual corrections

New Presidential Initiative (Directive issued ) ●To ensure GLONASS minimum operational capability (constellation of 18 NSV) by the end of 2007 ●To ensure GLONASS full operational capability (constellation of 24 NSV) by the end of 2009 ●To ensure GLONASS performance comparable with that of GPS and GALILEO by 2010 The main goal is to bring GLONASS to mass market

Overview  State Policy  GLONASS Current Status and Performance  GLONASS Modernization Plans  User Applications  International Cooperation  Summary

GLONASS Constellation Present Status May, 4, 2006: 16 satellites in constellation (operational: 14)  12 GLONASS satellites (3 years life-time):  4 GLONASS-M satellites (7 years life-time) Two are operational Two are operational Two undergo flight test Two undergo flight test Flight tests Next launch: December, GLONASS-M NSV Next launch: December, GLONASS-M NSV

Constellation History and Plans For Replenishment GLONASS deployment milestones: 18 satellites in constellation – satellites in constellation – satellites in constellation – satellites in constellation – 2009 GLONASS-K flight test

Present Day GLONASS Availability 12/2001: 6 NSV, A=17  gap = 13.7h 12/2002: 8 NSV, A=22  gap = 9.3h 12/2003: 9 NSV, A=35  gap = 9.0h 12/2004: 11 NSV, A=58  gap = 4.6h 04/2006: 13 NSV, A=76  gap = 2.6h Since 2001 the gap in navigation reduced from 14 to 2.6 hours A – probability to receive signals of 4 and more GLONASS NSV

Present Day GLONASS Performance Estimated Signal-In-Space Range Error (SISRE), average for March, 2006 GPSGLONASS [m]

Benefits Of GPS+GLONASS Combined Use Probability that GDOP<5 for mask angle of 25  (a case for urban canyon) GPS only GPS+GLONASS (9 NSV) GPS+GLONASS (12 NSV ) GPS+GLONASS (18 NSV)

Basic Improvements in GLONASS-M Compared with GLONASS Spacecraft (Details: GLONASS Interface Control Document (ICD), version 5, 2002 )  L2 signal is modulated with civil code  Better onboard frequency standard (1 vs. 3  )  Extra parameters are added into navigation message: ● Accuracy factor (URA analog), temporarily set to “not monitored” ● B1,B2 – coefficients for calculating UT1 ● KP – sing of coming “leap” second ● N4 – sequential number of 4-year interval starting with 1996 ● N T – day sequential number within 4-year interval ●  n – onboard L1/L2 signal delay difference ●  GPS – GPS/GLONASS time offset GLONASS-M is in orbit since December, 2003

Estimates Of Broadcast GPS/GLONASS Time Difference (  GPS ) Difference between  GPS values broadcast from GLONASS-M#6 and GLONASS-M#7 agree within 15 ns Broadcast GLONASS/GPS time offset demonstrates good long-term stability with respect to independent estimates: may be used in user algorithms Declared in ICD ( GPS ) = 30 ns Estimated ( GPS )  15 ns

Overview  State Policy  GLONASS Current Status and Performance  GLONASS Modernization Plans  User Applications  International Cooperation  Summary

Basic Trends of the GLONASS System Modernization ●Retrofitting ground segment ●Modernization of the GLONASS time keeping system ●Improving ground measurement processing techniques to achieve better ephemeris and clock accuracy based on combination of one-way and two-way measurement ●Improving stability of onboard satellite clock ●Improving Geodetic Reference Frame PZ-90 to agree it with ITRF ●Introduction of the third civil signal in L3 starting with GLONASS-K in 2008 ●Providing GLONASS with Search and Rescue capability (starting with GLONASS-K) in a way similar to COSPAS-SARSAT

Projected GLONASS Performance Projected GLONASS Positioning Error (95%) [m] Current GPS Level The way to improve performance is to advance Orbit and Time Determination Techniques

Projected Number Of Available GLONASS Signals L1 L1+L2 L1+L2+L3 NSV GLONASS GLONASS-M GLONASS-K GLONASS-M GLONASS-K

Overview  State Policy  GLONASS Current Status and Performance  GLONASS Modernization Plans  User Applications  International Cooperation  Summary

Russian-wide System For Differential Correction and Monitoring (SDCM) (Introduction: 2011) Data gathering points in Russia (as of 2006): 1 – Moscow; 2 – Pulkovo (S.Petersburg); 3 – Kislovodsk; 4 – Norilsk; 5 – Irkutsk; 6 – Petropavlovsk; 7 – Khabarovsk; 8 – Novosibirsk Upload station Data gathering points located abroad GLONASS and GPS NSV GEO Processing Center

Task of the System: to provide improved position accuracy within a certain region by means of transmitting corrections via TV-signal Prototype Local Differential System (Introduced in three regions of Russia) Transmission of DC via allocated or IP networks Signal generator Transmitter Differential Corrections (DC) via TV GLONASS and GPS NSV Reference Station

Examples of User GLONASS/GPS Equipment Marine Reference Station and Integrity Monitor (doubled set) Marine Reference Station and Integrity Monitor (single set) L1 hand-held device Geodetic L1/L2 Base Station Multipurpose L1-only & L1/L2 receivers for mobile applications

Overview  State Policy  GLONASS Current Status and Performance  GLONASS Modernization Plans  User Applications  International Cooperation  Summary

Basic Goals  Promoting GLONASS as a part of world GNSS services market StandardizationStandardization Frequency allocation protectionFrequency allocation protection Development of multi-system user equipment and system augmentationsDevelopment of multi-system user equipment and system augmentations  Bringing users more reliability, navigation accuracy, and availability worldwide  Developing GLONASS as compatible and interoperable system with existing and future GNSS

Russia - EU  Negotiations are in process Consultations on the EU-Russia GALILEO/GLONASS AgreementConsultations on the EU-Russia GALILEO/GLONASS Agreement Technical group is formed to discuss cooperation aspects between EGNOS and SDCM systemsTechnical group is formed to discuss cooperation aspects between EGNOS and SDCM systems  Russian industry’s involvement into GALILEO development SOYUZ launcher was used for putting in orbit 1-st GALILEO satellite (Giove-A)SOYUZ launcher was used for putting in orbit 1-st GALILEO satellite (Giove-A) Russian-made retroreflectors are to be used for GSTB-V2a/bRussian-made retroreflectors are to be used for GSTB-V2a/b

Russia - US Joint statement signed оn December, 2004: ●Confirmed, that no direct user fees are envisioned for civil GLONASS and GPS services ●Expressed willingness to cooperate in international organizations ●Confirmed, that compatibility and interoperability is ensured with present and future signal design ●SAR functions are to be implemented on a new level ●Expressed willingness to work on future agreement preparation Consultations are in progress ● ● WG-1 meeting in October 2005: compatibility & interoperability ● ● WG-2 meeting in June 2005: Search and Rescue Service ● ● Plenary session in December 2005

Russia - India Agreement signed in December, 2004 covers cooperation in the following GLONASS related areas: Possibility for India to participate in the GLONASS constellation replenishment (including launches of GLONASS-M satellites with India’s GSLV rocket)Possibility for India to participate in the GLONASS constellation replenishment (including launches of GLONASS-M satellites with India’s GSLV rocket) Cooperation on ground GNSS infrastructure developmentCooperation on ground GNSS infrastructure development Consultations on cooperation on peaceful space applications are in progress

Summary  GLONASS is existing and developing system  GLONASS is a significant element of the national activity with respect to Position Navigation and Time Determination  GLONASS is to be modernized in accordance with Federal GLONASS Programme  GLONASS compatibility and interoperability with existing and future GNSS is a strategic goal

GLONASS in the Web  – Coordination& Information GLONASS Center  – Federal Space Agency of Russian Federation  – Russian Institute Of Space Device Engineering – –  – Mission Control Center  – scientific&profuction corporation for applied mechanics  – scientific/ application/certification center “Internavigation”

Thank you !