S ECTION 2 NOTES Compare your outline

I. R OCKETS a. To launch an object into space, need to overcome GRAVITY b. DEF: vehicle designed to propel itself by ejecting exhaust gas from one end c. How it works: i. Fuel burned inside rocket builds up pressure ii. Force from exhaust thrusts rocket upward iii. Carry their own oxygen with them so they can operate in space

II. S ATELLITES a. DEF: any small object that orbits a larger object b. Natural – moons of planets c. Artificial i. Made by people and launched by rockets ii. Transmit radio signals back to Earth iii. First satellites – Sputnik 1 (USSR, 1957) and Explorer 1 (USA, 1958)

II. S ATELLITES C ONTINUED iv. Uses 1. Military – for navigation or gather info 2. Transmit TV or telephone signals 3. Monitor weather and climate 4. GPS – navigation for cars, boats, planes, hiking

III. E XPLORATION OF S OLAR S YSTEM – NO HUMANS a. NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) established in 1958 b. Fig 11 p.700 –list of 1 st events in space exploration c. Space Probes: i. DEF: Spacecraft sent from Earth to explore objects in space ii. Type of robot iii. Take pictures and gather data iv. Cheaper than using craft with humans

III. E XPLORATION..C ONTINUED v. 3 Major Types 1. Orbiter – once they reach destination, they orbit and send back data until out of fuel 2. Lander – touch down on surface and sometimes release rovers. Use rockets and parachutes to slow their descent 3. Flybys – do not orbit or land. Continues on until out of our solar system

IV. H UMAN S PACEFLIGHT a. First sent dogs, monkeys, and chimps – worried about effect of space travel b. USSR sent first human into space (USA 2 nd ) c. Apollo Program – main goal was to send people to moon. Apollo 11 did so w/ Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin (USA first ones on moon!) d. Now use space shuttles – reusable spacecraft e. ISS – International Space Station – cooperative with other countries, share costs, research a.

V. S PACE T ECHNOLOGY a. Requires material that withstands extreme temperature and pressure of space b. Some applied to everyday life! i. Racing suits for swimmers ii. Running shoes iii. Lightweight firefighting gear iv. Tires for cars v. Medical applications: limbs, infrared ear thermometers, robotic surgery, braces