The Cold War and the rise of the Superpowers. The Cold War The Cold War was a time of distrust between the two Superpowers of the World between 1945 –

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Presentation transcript:

The Cold War and the rise of the Superpowers

The Cold War The Cold War was a time of distrust between the two Superpowers of the World between 1945 – 1990.

The rise of the Superpowers As the cold war continued the U.S. and the Soviet Union increased their area of influence on different parts of the world.

Political Difference United States Democratic country Believed in a country of democracy and capitalism, where businesses should be privately owned. Led the Western Bloc: 1949 Western Europe, Canada, and the U.S. formed NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) Soviet Union Communist country Communism- a strong central government controls the economy as well as the government. Led the Eastern Bloc: 1955 Soviet Union and its satellites formed the Warsaw Pact.

The Rise of the Superpowers United States Had a permanent seat on the UN Security Council Third largest country in the world Fourth largest population in the world Military support from NATO, largest navy in the world, bases all over the world; even next to Warsaw Pact countries Spy network – CIA Largest reserve of nuclear weapons in the world Soviet Union Had a permanent seat on the UN Security Council Occupied the largest country in the world Third-largest population in the world Second largest economy Had military and space technology World wide spy network –KGB One of the largest stock piles of nuclear weapons in the world.

Tensions around the world Many tensions around the world were the result of the Cold War between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. The Korean War (1950), in which the U.S.-led U.N. pushed invading North Korea out of South Korea. Korea had been occupied by the Japanese, with the North surrendering to the Soviets and the south to the Americans. U.S. President Truman was able to get the war started through the U.N. Security Council, because on that particular day the Soviets were boycotting the meeting to protest the U.N. refusing to allow Communist China to take the seat of Republican China. (They never missed another meeting.)

The Cuban Missile Crisis (1962), the newly communist nation of Cuba was seen to be receiving offensive missile equipment from the Soviet Union, which could set up platforms for hitting the U.S. American cities. President John F. Kennedy won the game of chicken against Soviet premier Khruschev, and the Soviets withdrew.

The Berlin Wall Another problem of the Cold war was the division of Germany: East and West Germany Germany was divided into four sections: United States, Great Britain, France, and the Soviet Union. Berlin was also divided into East and West Berlin.

Joseph Stalin of the Soviet Union ordered that all access to West Berlin be cut off. The U.S. deployed a 24 hour a day 7 day a week airlift to provide supplies to West Berlin during the Berlin Blockade. It was called the Berlin Airlift.

A wall was built around West Berlin in 1962 to prevent East German citizens from escaping East Germany.

The building of the Berlin Wall (1961)

East and West Germany

The collapse of the Soviet Union The Soviet Union was spending money on: Putting down revolts Protecting its borders The arms race with the U.S.

World Leaders during the Cold War of the 80’s United States President Ronald Regan Soviet Union General Secretary of the Communist Party Mikhail Gorbachev

Effects of the collapse of the Soviet Union. November of 1989 the Berlin Wall is torn down Germany reunites Soviet republics declare independence