 Basic empirical paper format for EMR can be found: ◦ ◦  The following slides provide additional guidance that must be followed 2

3  Abstract  Synopsis  Methods (short and quick)  Main Body  Required Appendix for Methods

4  Each section requires the author to speak in either a “scholarly” voice or a “practitioner” voice ◦ Scholarly voice:  Uses controlled and technically precise language only understandable to academia  Priority is on knowledge development and methodology  Requires translation for practitioner use ◦ Practitioner voice:  Uses language found in everyday contexts of the problem of practice  Priority is on the solution to a real-world problem  Intuitively understandable and immediately reusable by the manager for his/her everyday contexts

 State the core issue (i.e., purpose) of the research  Briefly describe the methods and sample  Describe the findings  Interpret the results, what the implications are 5 Written to the voice of the scholar.

 Purpose: one or two sentences  Problem of Practice: one paragraph  Results: one paragraph  Conclusions: one paragraph  Practical Relevance: one paragraph  Keywords 6 This section is an overview. Written to the voice of the practitioner.

 Research Question: one or two sentences  Method/Design: one paragraph ◦ Type of method (e.g., qualitative study using interviews) ◦ Type of analysis used (e.g., grounded theory) ◦ Validity/reliability issues (e.g., generalizability)  Sample: one paragraph ◦ If qualitative: e.g., for interviews - kinds of people interviewed, how accessed ◦ If quantitative: e.g., for surveys – no. of surveys, no. of responses, who sent to, how accessed 7 This section is an overview. Written to the voice of the scholar. Details go in the mandatory Appendix.

 (1) Practical Problem (practitioner voice)  (2) Literature Review (scholarly voice)  (3) Findings (practitioner voice)  (4) Lessons for Practice (practitioner voice)  (5) Contributions to Theory (scholarly voice) 8 Description for each section is provided in back up slides.

 The Practical Problem ◦ In plain language, give reader the inside view of the problem you are dealing with ◦ The reader should get a visceral feeling for what is at stake ◦ Identify what problem you are trying to answer ◦ Few citations are necessary since this section is the practitioner’s view of the problem ◦ Written to the voice of the practitioner 9

 The Literature Review ◦ Telling the reader what scholars know about the general or specific problem and related subject area ◦ Identifying what is not known ◦ Organize this section by main research ideas ◦ Citations are necessary in this section – although the intent of the Empirical paper is EMR is to reduce extensive citation usage, targeting about 20 citations total ◦ Written to the voice of the scholar 10

 The Findings ◦ What your research found ◦ Organize into main subheadings ◦ Try to limit the findings to 3-5 big ideas ◦ The section should be understandable by the practitioner; it should not be overly technical, which is what the Appendix is for ◦ Written to the voice of the practitioner 11

 The Lessons for Practice ◦ Identify realistic ways of implementing ideas ◦ This is the most difficult section since it is only the practitioner who understands the context of what has a chance of working, yet the research findings are conceived in a more general or abstract space ◦ This section is usually the least important in academic programs; here is where the practitioner- scholar can shine ◦ Written to the voice of the practicing manager 12

 The Contribution to Theory ◦ Focus on 1-3 big implications of “so what” ◦ Should be tied to something discussed in the Literature Review section ◦ Should be interesting: a theory or set of findings that refute, change, challenge, and/or expand what is previously known ◦ A study that “confirms” what is known is not interesting ◦ Written to the voice of the scholar 13

 Required Section ◦ Aspects of methodology needing more details ◦ Areas that need clarification ◦ Areas that need amplification ◦ (We do not know yet how much is too much technical detail.) ◦ Written to the voice of the scholar 14