Taking Hybrid Pigeonpea to the Doorsteps of Farmers Supported by National Food Security Mission of India

Partnerships 2007 - 2012 ICRISAT, Patancheru MAU, Parbhani PKV , Akola ARS, Gulbarga GAU, SK Nagar* 2007 - 2012 * Very poor cooperation

MAJOR Achievements Two high-yielding hybrids bred ICPH 2671 released in MP ICPH 2740 pre-release in AP & Mah On-station and on-farm testing Seed prodn technology improved Seed producers trained Links with partners developed

Milestones in Research New CMS lines developed New fertility (>50) restorers identified Disease resistant hybrids bred White seeded hybrids bred Quality acceptance studies done Genetic studies (Fr, seed color) done Agronomy studies undertaken Physiology studies under way

Promotion of Hybrid ICPH 2671 160 -180 day maturity High yield ; disease resistant Adapted to shallow vertisols Suitable for pure and intercrop Dark seed color ; high quality dal Recommended for parts of Maharashtra, Jharkhand, and Madhya Pradesh

Performance of ICPH 2671 in MLTs’ (43 locations ; 4 years)

Over all performance of ICPH 2671 in ON-FARM TRIALS (2007-2010) State Distt Farmers Mean yield (kg ha-1) Hybrid Check %Gain Maha 7 782 969 717 35.1 A. P. 8 399 1411 907 55.6 Karnataka 4 184 1201 951 26.3 Jharkhand 9 288 1460 864 68.9 M. P. 10 360 1940 1326 46.3 Total 2013 1396 953 46.5

ICPH 2671 in OFT’s (Mah) 23 39 93 13 18 35 % System % Gain Sole crop No.of demos. Area (ha) Yield (kg ha-1) Hybrid Maruti % Gain Sole crop 637 211 1120* 913 23 PP + Maize 87 17 829* 598 39 PP + Soy 29 12 1250* 648 93 PP + Cottn 21 8 730* 13 PP + Gr’gm 3 916* 779 18 Total / Mean 782 251 969* 717 35 %

OFTs’ of ICPH 2671 in Jharkhand Locations No of farmers Area(ha) Yield ( kg ha-1) Hybrid (E) Check Z R S Darisai 22 2.50 1865 NA K V K Gumla 5.00 1130 884 KVK Giridih 5 - 1160 KVK Garhwa 33 10.0 1680 940 38 1641 910 Daltanganj 14 1203 725 Dumra 54 7.9 1694 Dhanbad 32 1843 Hazaribag 68 932 Gain (69%) 288 35.4 1460 864

Ranchi, Jharkhand ICPH 2671 Local Seven trials were conducted, Data awaited Local

Yield of ICPH 2671 in OFTs in MP Location ICPH 2671*** Asha(C) Jabalpur 2310* 1690 Narsinhpur 1950* 1500 Rewa 2870* 1660 Seoni 1525 1487 Raisen 2600* 1400 Harda 1165 1050 Panna 1160* 500 Mean 1940*** 1326 % Gain 46% -

Dal recovery in ICPH 2671 Locs Qty (kg) Akola 532 Solapur 50 ICRISAT 600 Total 1182 Protein : 22% Dal recovery: 70% Taste, cooking time & flavour: good as variety

In 2010 Hybrid ICPH 2671 released in Madhya Pradesh as RV ICPH 2671

Hybrids in Myanmar ICPH 2671 hybrid

“2009 Best Farmer Award” for harvesting bumper crop of ICPH 2671 at Chautukoor, Medak district. Andhra Pradesh

Areas Identified for ICPH 2671 Maharashtra- Akola,Solapur,Osmanabad,Washim, Parbhani, Latur and Beed Madhya Pradesh – Jabalpur, Betul, Indore, Seoni, Narsimpur, Mandla, Rewa, Chattarpur Tikamgarh, Hoshangabad Karnataka – Bijapur, and Bidar Jharkhand – Ranchi, Garhwa, Palamu, Chatra, Giridh, Dumka, Dhanbad and Gumla

Promotion of Hybrid ICPH 2740 180 -190 day maturity Disease resistant High yield Adapted to deep vertisols Suitable for pure and intercrop Brown seed color High quality dal Recommended for parts of Maharashtra, A.P., Karnataka, and Madhya Pradesh

Performance of ICPH 2740 in MLTs’ (4 Years ; 33 Locations) Asha group hybrid

Mean yield of ICPH 2740 in OFTs’ %gain 37.9 State Hybrid Asha(C) %gain MP 1646 1194 37.9 Maha 1643 1224 34.2 AP 1063 650 63.5 Mean 1451 1023 41.8

ICPH 2740 in Risod

ICPH 2740 in Basavapur, Medak district

Areas Identified for ICPH 2740 Maharashtra-Amaravati, Jalgaon, Yavatmal, Wardha Andhra Pradesh- Medak, Rangareddy, Nalgonda, Kurnool, Karimnagar, Nizamabad,Ananthpur and Cuddapah Madhya Pradesh – Jabalpur, Betul, Indore, Seoni, Narsimpur, Mandla, Rewa, Chattarpur Tikamgarh, Hoshangabad Karnataka – Gulbarga, Bijapur, Bidar and Raichur

Yield of white seeded hybrids in Gujarat K-2010 DF Yield (kg ha-1) % Gain Disease (%) wilt SM ICPH 4119 122 2711 113 10 ICPH 4166 106 2686 111 Maruti ( C) 103 1273 - 5 93 SEm+ 0.7 78.3 CV(%) 0.9 6.5

Seed Production Isolation 500 m or more Presence of pollinator bees Pre-requisites Isolation 500 m or more Presence of pollinator bees Availability of pollen for extended periods Inputs- irrigation, fertilizer, insect control

A x R Seed Production Row ratio : 4:1 (3:1 or 2:1) (depending on bee population) Spacing : Row to Row .. upto 1 metre Plant to Plant .. upto 8-12 inch Staggering : Sowings deferred by- - 15d

A Hybrid Seed Production Plot 1M : 4F R R R R A A A A A Hybrid Seed Production Plot

STAGERRING BLOCK - 1 …… 15 June BLOCK - 2 …… 1 July

Areas identified for seed production in Andhra Pradesh yield kg ha-1 Nizambad (1750) R.Reddy (1258) Warangal (1063) ICRISAT (1100)

2242 ***** Areas Identified for Seed Production in Madhya Pradesh 1333 Location Area (ha) Production (kg) Yield (kg ha-1) Jabalpur 1.5 2000 1333 Indore 0.15 340 2267 Rewa 1.0 1740 Katni 3.0 4350 1450 Seoni 2500 Tikamgarh 5.0 15200 3040 Mean 11.65 26130 2242 *****

Hybrid Seed Production Technology It is as easy as other crops Honey bees played important role Proper agronomy Environment also plays an imp. role Suitable climate Production plots surrounded by bushes that harbor pollinators water body near plots helps a lot

Problems identified Inadequate isolation Poor crop management Non-availability of pollinating insects Inadequate roguing Water-logging

Suggested Improvements in Seed Production Technology Fine tune agro practices Identify suitable areas [thru pilot seed production programs] Train seed producers Bee hives if required

Comparative income from seed prdn. Item Variety Hybrid commercial Hy Seed prodn. Production Cost   Rs. 18,490 Rs. 18,450 Rs. 20,160 Grain yields (kg/ha) (approx.) 1000 kg 1500 kg Seed sale price @ Rs.35/kg @ Rs.100 Total Rs. 35,000 Rs. 52,500 Rs. 100,000 Income [Rs.] 16,510 34,050 79,390

SEED Quality control P’pea is a crop of 180-250 d Tradl GoT takes more time Use of morphological markers (20 -25 days) Use of molecular markers (6 days)

Steps Taken to Produce Pure Hybrid Seed Prodn of new nucleus seed (P1 x P1) Strict isolation for breeder seed Multiple rogueing operations Using the purest seed lots Frequent monitoring

Steps taken to produce pure hybrid seed Select good seed producers Training and monitoring Using molecular markers Incorporate leaf markers Avoiding physical mixtures

Use of Leaf Marker Male Female Hybrid Hybrid Normal Normal Obtuse

Use of SSR Markers

Looking ahead … Grow hybrids on 1,00,000 ha (2014) *******

Million $ Question -- can we do it ?? Looking ahead … Million $ Question -- can we do it ?? Identify seed producers Organize pilot seed programs in different areas Training of seed producers Motivate seed companies Follow quality measures

Plan for 2012 (parent seed multi.) Uni. A x R (ha) A x B (ha) B (ha) R (ha) Total (ha) ANGRAU 10 1 22 PDKV MAU RVRS JNKVV BAU Gulbarga   Total

Plan for 2013 (Hybrid seed prod.) 2013 season plan Uni. A x R (ha) A x B (ha) B (ha) R (ha) Total ANGRAU 300 10 1 312 PDKV MAU RVRS JNKVV BAU Gulbarga  

Plan for 2014 (commercial crop) State Area (ha) Co-ordinator Collaborators Seed producers AP 20,000 Dr CV Sameer Kumar DoA, AP NSC, SFCI, APSSDC Maharashtra Dr I A Madrap DoA, MS NSC, SFCI,MSSC Karnataka Dr P Dharmaraj DoA, Kar NSC, SFCI, KSC MP 1 Dr AN Tikle DoA, MP NSC, SFCI, MPSC M P 2 Dr SK Rao NSC, SFCI,MPSC Jharkhand Dr Z A Haider DoA, Jhar NSC, SFCI   Total 1,20,000 Note: Seed rate 5 kg/ha

CAN WE BREAK THE YIELD BARRIER IN PIGEONPEA ******* .and the final question ? CAN WE BREAK THE YIELD BARRIER IN PIGEONPEA *******

TARGET 4-5 t / ha Farmer Area (m2) Hy yield (kg ha-1) Con yield (kg ha-1 ) % Advantage Kale 450 3956 2044 94 Sataya 1012 3951 2469 60 Chopde 4667 3556 31 Shotri 3889 2278 71 Crop mgmt, new hybrid, high input are the key

How to achieve the National Goal of self-sufficiency Develop new high yielding hybrids Develop hybrids for specific areas High level of disease resistance Seed quality control Adopt agronomy package Provide inputs Encourage farmers – good price High quality research back-up

Monitoring of pigeonpea hybrids in Farmers’ fields by NFSM expert Dr RK Gupta 2011

Yes, pigeonpea hybrids are here to stay

Thanks for your attention