Chapter 32 (1939-1945) World war ii

Weaknesses of the Treaty of Versailles The Axis Powers invade territory in Europe and Asia during the 1930s Third Reich Violations Italy, Germany, Japan What was created after WWI to prevent this situation from occurring? What did the League do? Britain and France don’t attack Germany

“I believe it is peace for our time” British government under Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain urges a policy of appeasement Giving in to an aggressor to keep peace Munich Conference Let Hitler keep the Sudetenland after he agrees to respect the borders of Czechoslovakia

Words of Anger “Throughout history, it has been the inaction of those who could have acted, the indifference of those who should have known better, the silence of the voice of justice when it mattered most, that has made it possible for evil to triumph.” -- Ethiopian emperor Haile Selassie after an Italian invasion is made possible by an unblocked use of the British-controlled Suez Canal, 1935

Another World War… Causes of World War II Within 6 months, Hitler ignores Munich Agreement Germany and Soviet Union sign nonaggression pact Why? Germany invades Poland Allies Great Britain and France declare war on Germany (Sept. 1939) United States’ response? Causes of World War II Treaty of Versailles Rise of totalitarian governments Appeasement Nationalism Militarism Imperialism German invasion of Poland Immediate cause

Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Agreement (August 1939)

German War Machine Blitzkrieg of Poland and France Two parts: Airplanes and tanks Massive infantry forces “Lightning war” Element of surprise Maginot Line “Sitzkrieg” France is destroyed

Effects of the Blitz

Germany Continues to Gain Strength Germany takes over much of Europe and northern Africa Europe, 1942 --------> Germany breaks its non-aggression pact with the Soviet Union, by 1942 pushes 500 miles into Russian territory

View from U.S. ship at sea

View from the shoreline

Why Pearl Harbor? Japan Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto calls for an attack on Hawaii He felt that it was a threat to Japan’s goal of controlling southeast Asia December 7, 1941 2,300 Americans killed in surprise Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor, an American naval base in Hawaii U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt: “A day that will live in infamy” United States declares war on Japan Internment camps

World War II Political Cartoon A man from what country is depicted in the cartoon? What audience is this cartoon aimed at? What message is the cartoonist trying to send to his audience?

Battle of Britain Luftwaffe vs. RAF British endure air bombing raids from Germany Britain, under the leadership of Winston Churchill, forces Germany to retreat *First time a German attack fails since Hitler took power

How were the Allies able to weaken the Axis war machine? Axis powers’ mistakes Germany breaks non- aggression pact with Soviet Union Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor; Hitler declares war on United States Heavy bombing of Tokyo by U.S. Broke the “aura of invincibility” of Japan Battle of Midway D-Day Invasion of Normandy Battle of the Bulge Hitler commits suicide as Soviets approach V-E Day (5/9/1945) Victory in Europe Was Allied victory complete?

The Japanese in Retreat Kamikazes “I’m desperately trying to figure out why kamikazes wore helmets.” Iwo Jima Okinawa How could the United States defeat Japan? Many options 1. Atomic bomb 2. Full-scale invasion 3. Blockade 4. Negotiate a treaty Why does U.S. President Harry Truman use the atomic bomb? Truman warns Japan of bomb and need to surrender in July 1945

Hiroshima, Japan—August 6, 1945 First atomic bomb is dropped by the B-29 bomber Enola Gay

Nagasaki, Japan—August 9, 1945 Approximately 150,000 civilians were killed instantly in both atomic bomb attacks. Nearly as many later died or were wounded as a result of burns or radiation poisoning. Japan surrendered on September 2, 1945.

Shin’s Tricycle

World War II Death Toll Germany 4.2 million, Japan 2.35 million, Italy 410,000. Total Axis deaths: 8.3 million people Soviet Union 20 million, U.S. 400,000, France 600,000, China 10 million, Britain 388,000. Total Allied deaths: 40 million people 21 million military personnel and 27 million civilians die in World War II

Postwar Europe Few farmers remained Famine and disease What happened to the popularity of communism? Why? Nuremberg Trials “Crimes against humanity” Ten Nazi leaders sentenced to death Allies turned enemies

Postwar Japan Democratization Creating a government elected by the people New Constitution Emperor was not divine Demilitarization Loss of colonial empire Continued U.S. military presence in Japan Enemies turned allies