Cartography GEO381/550 Final Review December, 2 nd 2004

Choropleth map How it works? How it works? When to use; when not to use? When to use; when not to use? –Phenomenon –Data Limitation? Solution to this? Limitation? Solution to this?

Sample question… Which of the following data is the most suitable for choropleth mapping? Which of the following data is the most suitable for choropleth mapping? –Temperature records at stations –Number of hospital beds by county –Average SAT scores by school district –Total population by census tract Explain why… Explain why…

Proportional symbol map How it works? How it works? When to use; when not to use? When to use; when not to use? What is perceptual (apparent) scaling? What is perceptual (apparent) scaling? What is range grading? What is range grading?

Sample question… Suppose we have two values, 6400 and 1600, that are to be symbolized and scaled by proportional circles. The ratio of radius of proportional circles that represent two values would be 2:1 when absolute scaling is adopted. What would happen to x in the ratio, say x:1 when perceptual scaling is adopted? Suppose we have two values, 6400 and 1600, that are to be symbolized and scaled by proportional circles. The ratio of radius of proportional circles that represent two values would be 2:1 when absolute scaling is adopted. What would happen to x in the ratio, say x:1 when perceptual scaling is adopted? (a) x will become larger than 2 (b) x will become smaller than 2

Sample question… Suppose you have two maps in hand, whose maps have legends shown below. From the legends, discuss (1) data classification (2) the location of point symbols of respective map. Suppose you have two maps in hand, whose maps have legends shown below. From the legends, discuss (1) data classification (2) the location of point symbols of respective map.

Dot density map How it works? How it works? When to use; when not to use? When to use; when not to use? Advantage & disadvantage? Advantage & disadvantage?

Sample question… Data not suitable for dot density map? Data not suitable for dot density map? –Number of farms –Total population –Property tax rate –Number of AIDS cases

Sample question… Suppose you are asked to make a dot density map of corn acreage data which is enumerated by state. When mapped in ArcView, it didn’t turn out very well. What would you do in order to improve the quality of map, in particular locational accuracy? Suppose you are asked to make a dot density map of corn acreage data which is enumerated by state. When mapped in ArcView, it didn’t turn out very well. What would you do in order to improve the quality of map, in particular locational accuracy?

Cartogram How it works? How it works? In which way, cartogram is fundamentally different from other mapping techniques? In which way, cartogram is fundamentally different from other mapping techniques? Advantage & disadvantage? Advantage & disadvantage?

Sample question… In which of the following situations, would you consider cartogram to be an ideal choice? In which of the following situations, would you consider cartogram to be an ideal choice? –Map readers are not familiar with areas –Data value is relatively proportional to the size of enumeration unit –The more value is concentrated in the small enumeration unit – Reference map

Sample question… Which of the four geometric elements of enumeration units should be most strictly preserved? Which of the four geometric elements of enumeration units should be most strictly preserved? –Size –Contiguity –Shape –Orientation (relative location, order)

Role (function) of map Map visualization (visual thinking) Map visualization (visual thinking) Map communication (visual communication) Map communication (visual communication)

Sample question… Suppose you are involved in two different projects: One is to map 2000 Census (say spatial distribution of racial group), and the other is to map the volcanic process of Mt. Helena. Discuss the roles of two maps. How would different roles of maps affect the cartographic process? Suppose you are involved in two different projects: One is to map 2000 Census (say spatial distribution of racial group), and the other is to map the volcanic process of Mt. Helena. Discuss the roles of two maps. How would different roles of maps affect the cartographic process?

Visual hierarchy What is? What is? What is the psychological phenomenon underlying visual hierarchy? What is the psychological phenomenon underlying visual hierarchy? How to achieve visual hierarchy? How to achieve visual hierarchy?

Color Spectral reflectance curve? Spectral reflectance curve? Three psychological dimensions? Three psychological dimensions? Munsell color solid? Munsell color solid? Color primaries for display in computer screen? Color primaries for display in computer screen? Map design implications of simultaneous/successive contrast? Map design implications of simultaneous/successive contrast?

Color How to promote efficient decoding of color? How to promote efficient decoding of color? Brewer color schemata Brewer color schemata –When you have population density data –When you have historical economic data (increase, decrease) –When you have bivariate historical economic data

Sample question… Discuss how color is used to promote visual hierarchy in this map Discuss how color is used to promote visual hierarchy in this map

Sample question… Discuss color as visual variables in this map Discuss color as visual variables in this map

Sample question… How does hypsometric tint make the use of physical dimension of color (hue)? How does hypsometric tint make the use of physical dimension of color (hue)? Illustrate how color convention conflicts with symbolical connotation of color from this map. Illustrate how color convention conflicts with symbolical connotation of color from this map.

Typography Typeface classification Typeface classification Black Letter Oldstyle Modern Square serif Sans serif Pay attention to serif and shading Black Letter Oldstyle Modern Sans serif

Sample question…. Suppose you have to label two distinct features, say retail superstores, and castles in the greater London area. Which of the following pairs do you find the most appropriate match respectively? Suppose you have to label two distinct features, say retail superstores, and castles in the greater London area. Which of the following pairs do you find the most appropriate match respectively? AB CD

Discuss the use of type form (italics, spacing, case) in this map

Final December 13 th Monday December 13 th Monday Here at 7:00-9:00 pm Here at 7:00-9:00 pm Remember that extra point will be given to those who make a significant progress relative to midterm Remember that extra point will be given to those who make a significant progress relative to midterm Final project presentation Final project presentation –Dec 7 and 9 –Attendance will be taken