The Civil War ( )

The Union & Confederacy in 1861

North vs. South (1861)

Population (1861)

Railroad Lines (1860)

Men Present for Duty in the Civil War

Sample Military Service (Ohio)

Immigrants as a % of a State’s Population in 1860

Draft, Volunteer, Substitute Creating and Sustaining an Army

The Leaders of the Confederacy Pres. Jefferson Davis VP Alexander Stephens

The Confederate Seal MOTTO “With God As Our Vindicator”

The “Anaconda” Plan

Anaconda Defense

Irwin McDowell Winfield Scott William T. Sherman George McClellan Ambrose Burnside Joseph HookerGeorge Meade. Ulysses S. Grant Lincoln’s Generals

Lincoln of McClellan: “If he is not using the army, I should like to borrow it.”

The Confederate Generals Jeb Stuart James Longstreet George Pickett Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson Robert E. Lee Nathan Bedford Forrest

Battle of Bull Run (1 st Manassas) July, 1861

The Battle of the Ironclads, March, 1862 The Monitor vs. the Merrimac

Seven Days Battles June 25-July 1, 1862

Diplomatic Efforts   Cotton diplomacy   John Slidell and James Mason   Trent Affair

Battle of Antietam September 1862

Battle of Antietam “Bloodiest Single Day of the War” 23,000 casualties September 17, 1862

Diplomatic Efforts--continued Poor showing by CSA at Antietam made Europe wary of recognizing their independence. The passing of the Emancipation Proclamation ended any chance Europe would back the CSA.

The Emancipation Proclamation

Emancipation in 1863

The Southern View of Emancipation

African-American Recruiting Poster

The Famous 54 th Massachusetts Robert Gould Shaw, was the white commander of the regiment

African-Americans in Civil War Battles

Black Troops Freeing Slaves

Congress during the war Dominated by Republicans Republican interests prevailed --promoted business (tariff hike) --internal improvements (railroads) --national banking system Very similar to American System

Extensive Legislation Passed Without the South in Congress 1861 – Morrill Tariff Act 1862 – Homestead Act 1862 – Legal Tender Act 1862 – Morrill Land Grant Act 1862 – Emancipation Proclamation (1/1/1863) 1863 – Pacific Railway Act 1863 – National Bank Act

Battle of Fredericksburg December 1862

Battle of Chancellorsville May 1863

The War in the West, 1863: Vicksburg

Battle of Gettysburg July 1-3, 1863

Battle of Gettysburg Pickett’s Charge “High Water Mark of the Confederacy” Later site of famous Lincoln speech

Gettysburg Casualties

Morale Suffers as War Drags On Draft Economy Political pressures

The Progress of War:

The North Initiates the Draft, 1863

Recruiting Irish Immigrants in NYC

A Northern View of Jeff Davis

Recruiting Blacks in NYC

NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, 1863)

A “Pogrom” Against Blacks

Inflation in the South

1864 Election Pres. Lincoln (R)George McClellan (D)

The Peace Movement: Copperheads Clement Vallandigham

1864 Copperhead Campaign Poster

Cartoon Lampoons Democratic Copperheads in 1864

Sherman’s “March to the Sea” through Georgia, 1864

The Progress of War:

Presidential Election Results: 1864

The Final Virginia Campaign:

Surrender at Appomattox April 9, 1865

Casualties on Both Sides

Civil War Casualties in Comparison to Other Wars

Ford’s Theater (April 14, 1865)

The Conspiracy John Wilkes Booth Conspirators: John Wilkes Booth (leader), Lewis Powell, David Herold, George Atzerodt Conspirators: John Wilkes Booth (leader), Lewis Powell, David Herold, George Atzerodt Targets: President Lincoln, Secretary of State William Seward, Vice-President Andrew Johnson, U.S. Grant Targets: President Lincoln, Secretary of State William Seward, Vice-President Andrew Johnson, U.S. Grant

Attempt to Kill Seward Lewis Powell, David Herold Lewis Powell, David Herold Seward recuperating from carriage accident Seward recuperating from carriage accident Assassination attempt at Seward’s home Assassination attempt at Seward’s home

Attempt to Kill Johnson George Atzerodt George Atzerodt “Only signed up for a kidnapping” “Only signed up for a kidnapping” Stayed at same hotel as Johnson; did not go through with the shooting Stayed at same hotel as Johnson; did not go through with the shooting

The Assassination

The Hunt for the Assassins --Scores arrested --Eight finally charged --Trial by military tribunal in May, 1865 (controversial) --Four sentenced to die: Powell, Herold, Atzerodt, Mary Surratt --Three were given life in prison (pardoned in 1869 by Johnson), one given six years

The Execution

“Now He Belongs to the Ages” Secretary of War, Edward Stanton “Now He Belongs to the Ages” Secretary of War, Edward Stanton

“Incontestably the greatest man I ever knew” --General Ulysses S. Grant “Incontestably the greatest man I ever knew” --General Ulysses S. Grant