Chapter 3 Cultural Conformity and Adaptation Sociology 4/24/2017 Chapter 3 Cultural Conformity and Adaptation Chapter 3

Section 1: The American Value System Read to Discover What are the basic values that form the foundation of American culture? What new values have developed in the United States since the 1970s?

Section 1: The American Value System Question What basic values form the foundation of American culture?

Section 1: The American Value System Traditional American Values  Personal achievement  Individualism  Work  Morality and humanitarianism  Efficiency and practicality  Progress and material comfort Equality and democracy Freedom

Section 1: The American Value System Personal Achievement—nation built primarily by people valued individual achievement, as in the area of employment Individualism—success comes through hard work and initiative Work—discipline, dedication, and hard work are viewed as signs of virtue

Section 1: The American Value System Morality and Humanitarianism—high value is placed on morality and the world is viewed in terms of right and wrong; quick to help the less fortunate Efficiency and Practicality—practical and inventive; every problem has a solution; objects are judged on their usefulness and people on their ability to get things done

Section 1: The American Value System Progress and Material Comfort—through hard work and determination, living standards will continue to improve Equality and Democracy—to have human equality, there must be an equality of opportunity; success must be earned Freedom—freedoms of choice such as religion, speech, and press must be protected from government interference

Section 1: The American Value System Question What new values have developed in the United States since the 1970s?

Section 1: The American Value System Our Changing Values Commitment to the full development of one’s personality, talents, and potential; self-fulfillment includes leisure, physical fitness, and youthfulness Environmental protection Education and religion were deemed important by students who were polled

Section 2: Social Control Read to Discover How are the norms of society enforced? What are the differences between positive and negative sanctions and between formal and informal sanctions?

Section 2: Social Control Question How are the norms of society enforced, and what are the four types of sanctions?

Section 2: Social Control Enforcing the Norms of Society Internalization—process by which a norm becomes a part of an individual’s personality, thus conditioning that individual to conform to society’s expectations Sanctions—rewards and punishments used to enforce conformity to the norms

Section 2: Social Control ENFORCEMENT OF SOCIAL NORMS Sanctions: rewards or punishments used to enforce conformity to norms Internalization: how a norm becomes part of a person’s personality, causing them to conform to society’s expectations Positive: action that rewards a particular kind of behavior Negative: punishment or the threat of punishment to enforce conformity Formal: reward or punishment by a formal organization or regulatory agency, such as a school Informal: spontaneous expression of approval or disapproval by an individual or group

Section 2: Social Control Question What are the differences between positive and negative sanctions and between formal and informal sanctions?

Section 2: Social Control Positive Sanction—action that rewards a particular kind of behavior such as good grades or a pay raise Negative Sanction—punishment or the threat of punishment to enforce conformity such as frowns, imprisonment, and even death

Section 2: Social Control Formal Sanction—rewards or punishments by a formal organization or regulatory agency such as the government; includes promotions, awards, or low grades Informal Sanction—spontaneous expression of approval or disapproval by an individual or group such as a standing ovation, gifts, gossip, or ridicule

Section 3: Social Change Read to Discover What are the main sources of social change? What factors lead people to resist social change?

Section 3: Social Change Question What are the main sources of social change?

Section 3: Social Change Values and Beliefs—changes in values and beliefs are often caused by ideology spread through social movements Technology—new knowledge and tools people use to manipulate their environment Population—change in size of population may bring about changes in the culture

Section 3: Social Change Diffusion—process of spreading culture traits from one society to another Physical Environment—the environment may provide conditions that encourage or discourage cultural change Wars and Conquests—exposure to new cultures; changes in politics, economy, population, property, technology, medicine

Section 3: Social Change Source of Social Change Social Consequence Example Values and Beliefs Technology Population Diffusion Physical Environment Wars and Conquests

Section 3: Social Change Question What factors lead people to resist social change?

Section 3: Social Change Ethnocentrism—tendency to view one’s own culture or group as superior, which can lead to segregation Cultural Lag—a delay in cultural change, such as in the introduction and use of computers Vested Interests—satisfaction with and an investment in the status quo, which can lead to such things as a focus on maintaining budgets over a focus on providing a quality education

Chapter Assignments Complete the Open Book Test/Worksheet Project – American Values Students will work with their team. Each team is to select a product, theme, Idea, etc., which they will promote. (examples: supporting the troops, being “Green”, etc.) Create an advertisement which uses at least four of the American values discussed in Chapter 3, Section 1. You may research the internet for ideas. Brainstorm your ideas with your team members and select your theme. Create an advertisement which your class will present to the class. Classified ad for a newspaper or magazine. A billboard ad (miniaturized to bulletin board or poster size. A handbill or flyer or a poster.