King Abdulaziz University Department of European Languages & Literature Syntax (LANE-334) Chapter 3 Functions Dr. Abdulrahman Alqurashi Dr. Abdulrahman.

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King Abdulaziz University Department of European Languages & Literature Syntax (LANE-334) Chapter 3 Functions Dr. Abdulrahman Alqurashi Dr. Abdulrahman Alqurashi 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-3341

Categories vs. Functions 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-3342

Introduction 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-3343

The verb and its complements 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-3344 Verb types Intransitive Copula Monotransitive Ditransitive Complex transitive Intransitive +PP Transitive +PP Frames [ VP –] [ VP – { AdjP,NP or PP} ] [ VP – { NP / S} ] [ VP – {NP- NP / NP-PP} ] [ VP – NP - {AdjP / NP} ] [ VP – PP ] [ VP – NP - PP] Examples He laughed He seems [ AdjP very sad] He killed [ NP the mouse] He gave [ NP the girl][ NP a book] He called [ NP him][ NP a fool] He leaned [ PP towards the girl] He put [ NP the cup][ PP on the table]

The verb and its complements 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-3345 Intransitive verb Monotransitive verb

Grammatical functions in S 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-3346

 Examples: A. The boy was reading B. Was the boy reading? ② Subjects of finite clause agree with the first auxiliary or with the main verb if there is no auxiliary.  Examples: A. The boy was reading B. The boys were laughing A. The boy reads a story everyday. B. The boys read a story everyday. 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-3347

③ Subject NPs can be replaced by a pronoun in the subjective form but not in the objective form.  Examples: A. The boy was reading. B. He was reading. C. * him was reading. 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-3348

Grammatical functions in S 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-3349

Grammatical functions in S 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33410

Grammatical functions in VP 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33411

Grammatical functions in VP 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33412

Grammatical functions in VP 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33413

Grammatical functions in VP 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33414

Grammatical functions in VP 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33415

Grammatical functions in VP 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33416

Assignment Assignment Q : Bracket the complement and indicate what kind of complement it is and how it is realized in each of the following sentences:  The doctor put her on a diet.  They left the door open.  The room is in a mess.  He destroyed all the magazines.  This song gives me a headache.  He lives in Paris. 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33417

Adjuncts and Complements 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33418

Adjuncts and Complements 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33419

Complex sentences: function of clauses 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33420

Complex sentences: function of clauses 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE S

Complex sentences: function of clauses 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33422

Complex sentences: function of clauses 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33423

Grammatcal functions in phrases 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE FunctionSpecifierHeadComplementsAdjunct CategoryModelVerbNP (PP) Exampleswillshowthe girlthe paintingsafter dinner

Grammatcal functions in phrases 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE FunctionSpecifierHead Category(Adv)Adverb Examples [ Adv very] [ Adv extremely] [ Adv recently] [ Adv slowly]

Grammatcal functions in phrases 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE X-Phrase: Specifier – Head – Complement – {Modifier/Adjunct} X

What to do next week What to do next week  Read chapter 4.  Prepare for your mid-term exam See you next week. See you next week. 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33427