COP-17 D URBAN, S OUTH A FRICA

C LIMATE C HANGE AND C ONFLICT : WATER

N EGOTIATIONS BETWEEN Chad and Cameroon

D ISAPPEARANCE OF L AKE C HAD Water Former outline of the lake Vegetation

United Nations Advisor on Climate-Related Conflicts: Prof. Nancy Gates CONFLICTS

1. Conflicting Interests 1.1 Developed vs Developing world Developed Developing

Developed Developing

1.2 ECONOMY ENVIRONMENT vs

2. Environmental Refugees

3. Agriculture

Deputy Minister: Dr Bartholomew Taylor

B REAKDOWN : WATER USE IN S OUTH A FRICA

U SING WATER SUSTAINABLY IN E THEKWINI Policy Response of Elizabeth Ross, Emma Pottinger & Jordan Pfotenhauer

S USTAINABLE USE :  Meets present needs of people, while  Preserving planet.  Doesn’t compromise future generations.  Therefore, reduces potential for conflict.

W ATER PROBLEMS IN ETHEKWINI MUNICIPALITY  Old infrastructure  Illegal connections  Non-Revenue water losses  Billing and payment collection problems

T HE C YCLE OF E NVIRONMENTAL C HANGE & C ONFLICT Supply End Demand End

G OALS Municipality’s rhetoric to ACTION:  Manage water more sustainably  Do this by changing behaviours on: Sustainable water management. Supply End Sustainable water use. Demand End

S UPPLY E ND Change the way water is managed: Increase storage Dams Reservoirs Rain water storage Protect wetlands Remove invasive aliens Restrict development Infrastructure Improve Fix leaks Revenue Improve billing Improve collection

T HE C YCLE OF E NVIRONMENTAL C HANGE & C ONFLICT Supply End Demand End

D EMAND E ND Change the way people use water: Indirectly Change way people think: Advertising Education Directly Legislation: Building codes Audits Agriculture: Research

C HANGING THE WAY PEOPLE THINK ADVERTISING :  TV and newspapers. EDUCATION :  Campaign targeting adults and children

D IRECT C HANGES LEGISLATION : Building codes  Toilets:  Under 9L  Dual flush  Grey water systems  Aerator outlets on taps AUDITS : Target biggest users  Public buildings  Factories  Suggestions for improvement  Fine malpractices

AGRICULTURE : Research into  Hybrid crops  New irrigation  Water recycling

R ESULT Sustainable water management. Supply End Sustainable water use. Demand End

T HE C YCLE OF E NVIRONMENTAL C HANGE & C ONFLICT Prevents CONFLIC T Lessens

P REVENTING C ONFLICT Managing water sustainably ensures  Enough for all, now and future  Therefore, doesn’t lead to conflict.