Juvenile Justice A GUIDE TO THE SYSTEM

Why do we have it?  Children and adults were incarcerated together  Judges had to sentence a child by:  jail with adults twice their age  release them with no repercussions.  First Juvenile Court  Illinois, 1899  Source:Schwartz, Robert G., and Marsha Levick. "When A “Right” Is Not Enough." Criminology & Public Policy 9.2 (2010): Criminal Justice Abstracts with Full Text. Web. 16 Oct

Why were kids in jail?   Kids were involved in criminal activity  Emergence of different jails  Refugee Houses  Reformatories  Female only institutions Source: "Development of the Juvenile Justice System." Findlaw. N.p., n.d. Web. Nov

Refugee Houses  “Focused on the reeducation of youth and used indeterminate sentencing, religious training, and apprenticeships in various trades”  Promote order and Discipline  Problem:  Overcrowded  Overworked  Source : "Development of the Juvenile Justice System." Findlaw. N.p., n.d. Web. Nov

Reformatories  Foster Homes normally located on farms  Physical labor  Problem:  Overcrowded  Overworked Source: "Development of the Juvenile Justice System." Findlaw. N.p., n.d. Web. Nov

Female only institutions  Mid 1880s  Teaching domestic skills Source: "Development of the Juvenile Justice System." Findlaw. N.p., n.d. Web. Nov

Patriae Doctrine  Created to discipline youth committing criminal acts  Detailed:  State can act as a parent  Government can intervene when it’s in the best interest of the child Source: Schwartz, Robert G., and Marsha Levick. "When A “Right” Is Not Enough." Criminology & Public Policy 9.2 (2010): Criminal Justice Abstracts with Full Text. Web. 16 Oct

Juvenile’s Rights According to Congress, late 1960s  The right to receive notice of charges  The right to obtain legal counsel  The right to confrontation and cross-examination  The privilege against self-incrimination  The right to receive a transcript of the proceeding  The right to have an appellate court review the lower court’s decision Source: "The Department of Juvenile Services." History of Juvenile Justice in the United States. N.p., n.d. Web. Nov

Juvenile Delinquency Prevention and Control Act, 1968 & 1974  “(1) youth offenders were to have sight and sound separation from adult offenders to prevent any contact between the two groups  (2) youth who have committed status offenses (i.e. curfew, truancy, alcohol possession, etc.) could not be placed in a juvenile or adult detention facility  (3) youth could not be detained in adult jails unless certain requirements were met  (4) states create plans to reduce the number of minority youth (i.e. disproportionate minority contact) in the juvenile justice system” Source:"The Department of Juvenile Services." History of Juvenile Justice in the United States. N.p., n.d. Web. Nov

Who is a Juvenile  Until 18  North Carolina, New Hampshire, Texas, Georgia, Illinois, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri  Until 17 Source:"The Department of Juvenile Services." History of Juvenile Justice in the United States. N.p., n.d. Web. Nov

When can a juvenile be charged as a adult?  16 in most states  Kentucky  14  Florida and other states  Laws state any person, juvenile or adult will be charged as an adult for murder Source:"The Department of Juvenile Services." History of Juvenile Justice in the United States. N.p., n.d. Web. Nov

Death Penalty  Discontinued in 2005  Supreme Court case Roper v. Simmons Source: "Juvenile." Juvenile. N.p., n.d. Web. Nov

Today’s Juvenile Justice System  Based on reform  Detention centers  Educate  Return to society  Goal:  Modification  Nonrepeating offenses Source: Source:"The Department of Juvenile Services." History of Juvenile Justice in the United States. N.p., n.d. Web. Nov

Where do we go?  Create safer environments  Education in detention center Source: Source:"The Department of Juvenile Services." History of Juvenile Justice in the United States. N.p., n.d. Web. Nov