MEMORY. What do we know about memory? w The “7 +/- 2” Rule Memory works best on sets of 5-9 items w Certain strategies can improve memory ‘Chunking’ things.

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Presentation transcript:

MEMORY

What do we know about memory? w The “7 +/- 2” Rule Memory works best on sets of 5-9 items w Certain strategies can improve memory ‘Chunking’ things into groups Repetition w There are many competing theories of memory

Competing Theories of Memory w The Total Time Model The longer you spend thinking about something, the better you will remember it Explains classic repetition findings w The Levels of Processing Model a.k.a. The Depth of Processing Model ‘Structural’, ‘Phonetic’ and ‘Semantic’ levels The ‘deeper’ you think about something the better you will remember it

The Total Time Model w Time is directly related to memory w More time = more memory

Levels of Processing Model w The more deeply you process something, the better you will remember it “Structural” Processing “Phonetic” Processing “Semantic” Processing Shallow Processing Deep Processing What a word ‘looks like’; Morphology What a word ‘sounds like’; Acoustics What a word means or represents

Levels of Processing Prediction

Today’s Experiment w Design: w IV: depth of processing structural => uppercase letters phonetic => rhymes with X semantic => category w DV1: RT w DV2: % of correctly recalled words

Discussion w Both models apply! w Semantic level  most accurate  slowest reaction time w Primacy/Recency effects w every day life example: studying for exams