What led to the writing of the DeclarationOfIndependence and the RevolutionaryWar?

Video Causes of the revolution:

French and Indian War 1754 to 1763 war fought over the land in America between the English and French.1754 to 1763 war fought over the land in America between the English and French. It was called the Seven Years War in Europe.It was called the Seven Years War in Europe. Britain helped colonists defeat French in warBritain helped colonists defeat French in war

Join, or Die Political Cartoon by Benjamin Franklin A political cartoon calling for American colonies to band together for protection against Indians and the French. First published in the Pennsylvania Gazette on May 9, 1754.

The Colonies and Britain Grow Apart Britain needed money to pay for war expenses & imposed taxes on colonistsBritain needed money to pay for war expenses & imposed taxes on colonists –Sugar Act of taxed colonists on many of the goods coming into the colonies from other places. Example: Sugar and Molasses taxes –Stamp Act of taxes upon all paper products and stamped the item once the tax had been played.

The Colonies and Britain Grow Apart continued... Proclamation of 1763: Britain restricted settlement in the West of AppalachiansProclamation of 1763: Britain restricted settlement in the West of Appalachians As a cost saving measure, Britain passed the Quartering Act. This forced colonists to house and supply British Troops in the colonies.As a cost saving measure, Britain passed the Quartering Act. This forced colonists to house and supply British Troops in the colonies. Colonists had no vote in Parliament and had no say in how the colonies were being governed.Colonists had no vote in Parliament and had no say in how the colonies were being governed.

Colonists Protest: Sam Adams and the Sons of Liberty Samuel Adams led the protests in Boston against the taxes.Samuel Adams led the protests in Boston against the taxes. He began a secret society called the Sons of Liberty.He began a secret society called the Sons of Liberty. The colonists started a boycott, or a refusal to buy certain goods, from the British.The colonists started a boycott, or a refusal to buy certain goods, from the British.

The Sons of Liberty used violence, such as tar and feathering, to scare off the tax collectors.The Sons of Liberty used violence, such as tar and feathering, to scare off the tax collectors. The Stamp Act was repealed (to do away with) because of all the protests.The Stamp Act was repealed (to do away with) because of all the protests.

The Boston Massacre: March 5, 1770 Colonial men were shouting insults at the British soldiers “Lobsterbacks”Colonial men were shouting insults at the British soldiers “Lobsterbacks” They started throwing things, probably snow balls and rocks.They started throwing things, probably snow balls and rocks. Someone yelled “fire” and the Red Coats (what the British soldiers were called) shot.Someone yelled “fire” and the Red Coats (what the British soldiers were called) shot. Five colonists were killed. These were the first Americans killed in the War for Independence.Five colonists were killed. These were the first Americans killed in the War for Independence. Sam Adams started calling the incident the Boston Massacre. He used the incident to get more people angry at the British.Sam Adams started calling the incident the Boston Massacre. He used the incident to get more people angry at the British.

* Tea Act of 1773: –Parliament began taxing tea. Tea was the most important beverage in the colonies. –Boston Tea Party: political protest by the Sons of Liberty in Boston, on December 16, The demonstrators, some disguised as American Indians, destroyed an entire shipment of tea sent by the East India Company, in protest of the Tea Act. –The British government responded harshly and the episode escalated into the American Revolution.

Boston Tea Party Lower price on British teaLower price on British tea Colonists still pay taxesColonists still pay taxes Boycotted British teaBoycotted British tea Sons of Liberty dressed in disguise and dumped British tea overboardSons of Liberty dressed in disguise and dumped British tea overboard

1774--King George III passes the “Intolerable Acts” The Royal Navy blockades the Boston Harbor so no colonial goods could be sent out until tea was paid for.The Royal Navy blockades the Boston Harbor so no colonial goods could be sent out until tea was paid for. Colonists had to quarter the British soldiers.Colonists had to quarter the British soldiers. The King assigned British General Gage to be Massachusetts governor.The King assigned British General Gage to be Massachusetts governor.

First Continental Congress A meeting of delegates from twelve of the thirteen colonies in September 1774 at Carpenters Hall in Philadelphia. It was called in response to "The passage of the Intolerable Acts" by Parliament. This led to the Union of the Colonies.

“Shot Heard ‘Round The World” April 19, 1775—The first battles of the American Revolution occurred in Lexington & Concord Mass.April 19, 1775—The first battles of the American Revolution occurred in Lexington & Concord Mass. Minutemen fight the redcoats.Minutemen fight the redcoats.

British General Gage learns of hidden weapons in Concord Two lanterns hung in church tower to warn the British coming by “sea” (Charles River) Paul Revere and William Dawes make midnight ride to warn Minutemen of approaching British soldiers

Second Continental Congress A convention of delegates from the 13 Colonies that started in the summer of 1775, soon after Lexington & Concord. The second Congress managed the colonial war effort, and, adopted the “United States Declaration of Independence” on July 4, By raising armies, directing strategy, appointing diplomats, and making formal treaties, the Congress acted as the de facto national government of what became the United States.

Where did it all take place? Independence HallIndependence Hall – Philadelphia Pennsylvania

The Declaration of Independence Who was involved? Benjamin FranklinBenjamin Franklin John AdamsJohn Adams Robert R. LivingstonRobert R. Livingston Roger ShermanRoger Sherman Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson

Who Wrote the Declaration? Thomas Jefferson

Who signed it first?

BritainAmericans Advantages?? Disadvantages?? On the Eve of the Revolution ?

Washington’s Headaches Only 1/3 of the colonists were in favor of a war for independence [the other third were Loyalists, and the final third were neutral]. State/colony loyalties. Congress couldn’t tax to raise money for the Continental Army. Poor training [until the arrival of Baron von Steuben.

Loyalist Strongholds

Exports & Imports:

Military Strategies Attrition [the Brits had a long supply line]. Guerilla tactics [fight an insurgent war  you don’t have to win a battle, just wear the British down] Make an alliance with one of Britain’s enemies. The AmericansThe British Break the colonies in half by getting between the No. & the So. Blockade the ports to prevent the flow of goods and supplies from an ally. “Divide and Conquer”  use the Loyalists.

Cornwallis’ Surrender at Yorktown: Painted by John Trumbull, 1797 “The World Turned Upside Down!”

Treaty Of Paris The final treaty was signed on September 3, 1783, and ratified by the Continental Congress early in 1784.The final treaty was signed on September 3, 1783, and ratified by the Continental Congress early in Negotiated in Paris by Adams, Franklin, Jay, and Henry Laurens for the United States and Richard Oswald for Great Britain.Negotiated in Paris by Adams, Franklin, Jay, and Henry Laurens for the United States and Richard Oswald for Great Britain.

Some terms of the Treaty of Paris 1. Acknowledging the United States to be free, sovereign and independent states. 2.Recognizing the lawful contracted debts to be paid to creditors on either side. 3.Great Britain and the United States are each to be given perpetual access to the Mississippi River.

North America After the Treaty of Paris, 1783