4.1 The Stirrings of Rebellion Lesson Objectives: Summarize colonial resistance to British attempts at taxation To trace the mounting tension in Massachusetts To describe how fighting broke out in Concord

What were some of the issues that were dividing the colonists and the British monarchy?

Colonies Organize to Resist Britain  Stamp Act – March 1765 ▪ This was a DIRECT TAX – what does that mean?  Every legal document had “stamp duties” ▪ Even things like playing cards and dice!  Lost respect for British officeholders in the colonies  Interests were not identical

Stamp Act Protests  Sons of Liberty ▪ Samuel Adams  Stamp agents begin to resign facing threats of violence  Colonial assemblies gathered ▪ They can only be taxed by their own assemblies!!  Stamp Act Congress  Oct – 200 NY traders boycotted  March 1766

The Townshend Acts  1767 – revenue laws  Indirect taxes  Taxed imports (glass, lead, paper, etc..)  **3 penny tax on tea  “Taxation without representation!!”  Riots  4,000 troops stationed in Boston

NOTEWORTHY: The Townshend Act only collected £259 for the Crown, while it cost the Crown £170,000 to enforce it. Britain suspended all the taxes, except for the tax on tea.

Think, Write, Pair, Share: What led to the frustrations of the colonists? How are these acts changing the relationship with the colonists and the Crown? Do you think the colonists have the right to complain? Why or why not?

Boston Massacre Competition for jobs March 5, 1770 Propaganda Why was this such a big deal?? Committees of Correspondence created.

Boston Tea Party Lord North said East India Tea could be sold with no tax Why was this such a problem?? December 16, 1773  15,000 lbs of Tea dumped into the Harbor

TEA ACT PROTEST IN MARYLAND Burning of the Peggy Stuart 1774 Primary Document Maryland Gazette

The Alternative of Williamsburg by Philip Dawe, 1775 In this cartoon, drawn by Philip Dawe in 1775, armed patriots in Williamsburg, Virginia, obtain a merchant's written agreement not to import British goods. The "alternative" is the containers of tar and feathers hanging in the background. (Library of Congress ) The Alternative of Williamsburg by Philip Dawe, 1775 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

The Intolerable Acts King George III was furious! Quartering Act General Gage was Governor of Boston Shut down Boston Harbor! Martial law

Lexington and Concord Gen. Gage wanted to seize illegal weapons and revolutionaries April 18, 1775, 700 British troops headed for the countryside Met 70 minutemen in Lexington, Concord was empty Danger was on the way home

A View of the Town of Concord, 1775 In 1775 an unknown artist painted the redcoats entering Concord. The fighting at North Bridge, which occurred just a few hours after this triumphal entry, signaled the start of open warfare between Britain and the colonies. (Courtesy of Concord Museum, Concord, Massachusetts) A View of the Town of Concord, 1775 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Map: The First Battles in the War for Independence, 1775 The First Battles in the War for Independence, 1775 This map shows the British march to Concord and the routes taken by the three Americans who alerted the countryside of the enemy's approach. Although Paul Revere was captured by the British and did not complete his ride, he is the best remembered and most celebrated of the nightriders who spread the alarm. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Growing Conflict LEXINGTON AND CONCORD INTOLERABLE ACTS BOSTON TEA PARTY COMMITTEES OF CORRESPONDENCE BOSTON MASSACRE TOWNSHEND ACT STAMP ACT SUGAR ACT

Who had the advantage? GREAT BRITAIN COLONIALS

Who had the advantage? GREAT BRITAIN Pop. of 7.5 million Prof. Army of 50,000 Hessian mercenaries Royal treasury Royal navy Divided parliament Long lines of supply Poor generalship More cannon, arms, &powder Many Colonials remain loyal Emancipated slaves join GB COLONIALS Pop. Of 2.5 million Small, untrained militia No centralized govt. No treasury No navy Angry France, Irish problem for GB Defending homes Washington, Franklin Few armories, little powder

Growing Conflict LEXINGTON AND CONCORD INTOLERABLE ACTS BOSTON TEA PARTY COMMITTEES OF CORRESPONDENCE BOSTON MASSACRE TOWNSHEND ACT STAMP ACT SUGAR ACT

How did the various English colonists come to see themselves as “Americans”?