Cellular Respiration

Process cells use to harvest energy from organic compounds and convert it into ATP Breakdown of Glucose C 6 H 12 O 6 +6O 2 6CO 2 +6H 2 O +ATP

Oxygen makes process more efficient Aerobic – process that requires oxygen Anaerobic – process that does not require oxygen

Cellular Respiration Occurs in the mitochondria

Stage 1 Glycolysis Glucose (6 Carbon molecule) is converted into 2 pyruvate (3 Carbon molecule) and 2 ATP and NADH (Electron carrier) through a process called glycolysis

Glycolysis OCCURS IN CYTOPLASM 1 6 Carbon molecule 2 3 Carbon Pyruvate ions 2 ATP molecules NAD+ (Electron carrier) – carries electron as NADH and in order for Cellular Respiration to continue NADH must donate electron elsewhere so NAD+ can recycle This last part is huge

Stage 2 Aerobic – Occurs in mitochondria of eukaryote or cell membrane of prokaryote and can produce up to 36 ATP Anaerobic – Glycolysis – pyruvate – lactate or ethanol and CO 2

Aerobic Pyruvate enters mitochondria A.Krebs Cycle – Pyruvate enters the mitochondria. enzyme assisted Rx producing ATP, NADH, FADH 2 and starts again, CO 2 is released during the Krebs cycle Stealing Electrons to give to the Electron Transport chain B. Electron Transport Chain NADH donates E to chain, protein pumps H+ out producing concentration gradient, H+ diffuses back in giving off energy to add P to ADP, O 2, H+ and E to make water

Krebs Cycle

Electron Transport Chain

Oxygen is needed for the final electron acceptor with the H+, to make water without it the electrons can’t go through

Anaerobic Occurs because O 2 is not present to accept the electron to form water at the end of the chain so the electron is not transferred from NADH and NAD+ cannot be recycled

Fermentation process of recycling NAD+ to an organic H+ acceptor and just allows glycolysis to occur again

Lactic Acid Pyruvate is converted into Lactate in order for glycolysis to continue. If lactate builds up and is not removed quickly enough, this may cause muscle soreness.

Alcohol fermentation Carried out by yeast and fungus to produce beer, wine, milk, cheese, bread etc. Pyruvate is broken down into Ethanol which releases CO2 which allows glycolysis to continue. Pyruvate - Lactate (Lactic Acid) Pyruvate - Ethanol and CO2 Bread, Beer, Wine