Chapter 2 Road to Independence Section One Founding the American Colonies Founding the American Colonies

Vocabulary Charter - right to organize a settlement Burgess - representative Mayflower Compact - Pilgrim document that set up a civil government Constitution - formal plan of government

Essential Question Why do people leave one country to settle in another?

Looking Back, Looking Ahead Last chapter you learned that Europeans explored and began to colonize the Americas in the 1400s and 1500s. In this chapter North America, early English colonies faced hardships, but in time they began to flourish.

1600s Spanish Settlements in America Colonies mostly in the Caribbean, Mexico, and Central America Settlements at edge of their American empire, such as those in Florida and New Mexico. Missions, or religious communities, to teach Christianity to the Native Americans.

French in North America French to profit from fur trade. Samuel de Champlain founded trading post - Quebec, capital of the colony of New France Explorers Joliet and Marquette discovered Mississippi river, La Salle named Louisiana Brought African slaves

1600s Dutch Settlements Trading post in the area of present-day New York State. Capital - New Amsterdam, located at the tip of Manhattan Island

1600s English Settlements Sir Walter Raleigh - colony on Roanoke Island -became known as the “Lost Colony.” Virginia Company, an English joint-stock company, received a charter Jamestown- first permanent English settlement in North America - named after King James I.

Jamestown, Virginia Colonists had come to find gold and silver Captain John Smith, the leader of the colony, forced the settlers to farm corn from Native Americans. John Rolfe found that tobacco grew well there. Tobacco -first cash crop in the English colonies

House of Burgesses The Virginia Company gave the colonists the right to elect burgesses. The first House of Burgesses, was a representative government, modeled on English Parliament Other colonies set up legislatures

End of Notes for Today Answer the Essential Question. Why do people leave one country to settle in another?

Day Two Essential Question What documents from this period contributed to the development of fair governments?

Day Two Discussion Question What was the purpose of missionaries? Missionaries set up missions in North America to teach Native Americans Christianity and European ways.

Discussion Questions What happened to the colony on Roanoke Island? (The colonists on Roanoke Island survived for six years, but then they suddenly disappeared without explanation. This is why the settlement is known as the “Lost Colony.”)

The Pilgrims Pilgrims= separatists - they wanted to leave the Church Pilgrims sailed to America on Mayflower to find religious freedom. Virginia company granted them land, but storm blew them off course. Landed at Plymouth north of Cape Cod in present-day Massachusetts.

The Mayflower Compact The Pilgrims signed the Mayflower Compact, a document that set up a civil government. They promised to obey laws of the colony. Compact was a step toward democracy in America.

The Puritans The Puritans wanted to stay in the Church and rid it of Catholic practices Led by John Winthrop, they founded the colony of Massachusetts and its capital, Boston. The Puritans created a colonial legislature and made Protestant Congregationalist faith the official religion.

Connecticut Led by Thomas Hooker, adopted Fundamental Orders of Connecticut in 1639. This was the first written constitution, or formal plan of government, in America.

Rhode Island Roger Williams founded the colony of Rhode Island. Believed church and government should be separate. Banned from Massachusetts for his radical ideas. Religious toleration= accepted different beliefs it was a safe for dissenters, or people who disagreed with established views.

The Dutch Colonies England controlled the New England colonies and Virginia. Land between was Dutch land -later became known as the Middle Colonies. Included New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware.

New York Dutch surrendered New Amsterdam to the English fleet. England’s king gave New Netherland to his brother, the Duke of York. New Amsterdam became New York City in 1621.

Pennsylvania Quakers, a Protestant group, founded Pennsylvania were persecuted, treated harshly, because of their differences, in England. Founded Pennsylvania on land received by William Penn. Colonists had right to elect representatives to the legislature. Penn supervised the building of Philadelphia - “city of brotherly love.”

Virginia Becomes a Royal Colony Virginia was part of the Southern Colonies. Virginia prospered because of tobacco. New settlers settled inland on land belonging to Native Americans. After a Native American revolt, Virginia Company lost charter. Colony became a royal colony, with a governor and council appointed by the king.

Maryland Founded by Lord Baltimore as a safe place for Catholics. Conflict between Catholics and Protestants in Maryland led to the Act of Toleration, granted right to worship freely. Step toward protecting religious diversity, or variety, in the colonies.

King Charles II granted eight members of his court a charter for the Carolina colony. Wanting a larger role in government, the other settlers seized control from the owners Carolina colony became two royal colonies—North Carolina and South Carolina. The Carolinas

Georgia James Oglethorpe got a charter to create a colony where English debtors— people who are unable to repay their debts—could settle. The British government wanted Georgia to protect other British colonies from Spanish attack.

Discussion Question How were North and South Carolina created? (North and South Carolina began as one colony, Carolina. Carolina’s settlers wanted a greater role in government, so in 1719 they took control of the colony from its proprietors. Carolina later became two royal colonies.)

Answer the Essential Question What documents from this period contributed to the development of fair governments? Mayflower Compact, Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, Charter of Liberties, and Act of Toleration