阅读理解技巧 如何解主旨大意题 ?

( 一 ) 考查 主旨大意 的常见题目 1. The main subject(gist) of the passage is what is the story mainly about? ________. 2. What is the main idea (central thought) of the _______ paragraph? 3. The best title for this passage is ________. 4. What is the author's main purpose ? 5.The story mainly tells us _______. 6.The main idea of this passage is that _______ 7.What is the main idea of the passage? 8.The passage is mainly about ________. 9.From the passage, we know ________. 10.What has been discussed in this passage?_________.

( 二 ) 如何解主旨大意题 1. 这类问题主要测试考生对文章 ( 或段落 ) 的主 题及申心思想的理解。 2. 见到这类问题应从理解中心思想 ( 即主旨大 意 ) 入手去考虑。理解中心思想要求找准主 题句或关键句。 (Topic Sentence) ，它的特 点, 概括性强，结构简短

( 三 ) 文章主题的表现情况 1. 文首出现主题句 主题句最常见的位置是在段落的开头， 作者一开头就提出主题，然后用细节 解释支持或发展主题句所表述的主题 思想。阅读时，要分析各段落的主要 意思，寻找主题句，这样就能很快理 解各段落的主要意思，并由此归纳出 文章的主题。

实例分析 1. Fat on human beings is distributed ( 分布 ) in different ways. Some fat people have a large stomach and no waistline — which makes them look round, rather like apples. Others are fatter below the waist, which makes them appear pear- shaped ( 梨形的 ) There are two types of fat: external fat (fat under the skin) and internal fat (fat inside the body wall). Doctors, who have been examining the relationship between health and fatness, have found that the 'pears' have less internal fat, but the 'apples'have more internal fat than external fat. This seems to be what causes the health problems. The best treatment for fatness is to reduce the internal fat. But unfortunately it seems that dieting ( 节食 ) simply makes an apple- shaped person into a smaller apple and pear-shaped person into a smaller pear. At the moment there is no known way of reducing the intemal rather than external fat. The text is mainly about ______. A. fatness and health B.ways to lose weight C. people's figures D. distribution of tat

实例分析 2. Educational films are a valuable teaching tool. Technicians learn to repair new machines. Salespeople are told about new products and how to sell them. Travelers are shown interesting places to visit. Science students can see the development of plants and animals.

2. 文尾出现主题句 在表述细节后, 归纳要点, 印象, 结论, 建议或结果, 以概括主题。 Animal trainers praise and reward their animals when they do their tricks well.They do not like to strike the animals when they make mistakes. They believe that the best way to train animals is by kindness. The main idea of the paragraph is that ______. A. animal trainers often praise their animals B. animal trainers often reward their animals C. animal trainers seldom strike the animals D. animal trainers are sure that kindness is the best way to train animals

3. 首尾呼应展现主题 为了突出主题，一开始提出问题，结尾时再次点题。通常，前后 表述主题的句子不是简单的重复，而后面表述往往有进一步的引 伸或发展。 Good manners are important in all countries, but ways of expressing good manners are different from country to country. Americans eat with knives and forks; Japanese eat with chopsticks. Americans say "Hi" when they meet; Japanese bow. Many American men open doors for women; Japanese men do not. On the surface ( 大体上 )it appears that good manners in America are not good manners in Japan, and in a way( 某点上 )it is true. But in any country, the only manners that are important are those involving one person's behavior toward another person. In all countries it is good manners to behave considerately toward others and bad manners not to. It is only the way of behaving politely that differs from country to country.

4. 隐含的主题句 前面提到三种主题何是英语文章申常见的 表现形式。然而并不是每个段落都含有一 个表达其主题思想的主题句。有时候。某 个段落由儿个表达或描述细节的句子组成。 在这种情况下，就需要考生自己根据该段 落所提供的细节来分析、概括出段落的主 题，并在此基础上推导出文章的主旨。分 析方法是先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几方面 内容，这几方面的内容在逻辑上有什么联 系，然后加以概括，形成段落的主题。

1. During the summer holidays there will be a revised ( 修改过的 ) schedule ( 时刻表 )of services for the students. Changes for dining- room and library service hours and for bus schedules will be posted on the wall outside of the dining-hall. Weekly film and concert schedules, which are being arranged ( 安排 ), will be posted each Wednesday outside of the student club. In the summer holidays, buses going to the town center will leave the main hall every hour on the half hour during the day. The dining- room will serve three meals a day from 7.00 a.m.to 7-00 p.m.during the week and two meals from noon to 7:00 p.m on weekends. The library will continue its usual hours during the week, but have shorter hours on Saturdays and Sundays. The weekend hours are from noon to 5:00 pm. All students who want to use the library borrowing services must have a new summer card. This announcement will also appear in the next week's student newspaper.

The main purpose of this announcement is to _________. A. tell students of important schedule changes B. tell students of new bus and library services C. show the excellent services for students D. ask students to renew their library cards

2. JINTAN, JIANGSU: The 20 students — 18 boys and 2 girls — had a thousand reasons to be proud of themselves. They had just climbed their way to the top rung( 阶梯 ) out of 4 million students taking part in the Fifth National Hua Luogeng Gold Mathematics Contest on Tuesday evening. The 20 gold medal winners are all primary and middle school students under the age of 14. ‘ Many of the problems are of college level and these pupils can figure them out. It is just unbelievable!' said a teacher from Guangdong province. Named after China's most famous mathematician, Hua Luogeng, the contest started in 1986, one year after his death. In less than 10 years, it has been recognised by the State Education Commission ( 国家教委 ) as the country's biggest and best contest of its kind. This news story is mainly about ___. A. when the contest started B. now the contest got its name C. the 20 puplis who have won gold medals in the contest D. the 5th National Hua Luogeng Gold Cup Mathematics Contest

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