The Police in America Chapter One Police and Society © 2013 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. McGraw-Hill

1-2 The Goals of the Book The purpose of this book is to provide the necessary background information about policing to help you, the reader, discuss such innovative programs as community policing, problem-oriented policing, zero- tolerance policing, and team policing. The book does not argue for or against any one of these innovations in policing. The purpose of this book is to provide the necessary background information about policing to help you, the reader, discuss such innovative programs as community policing, problem-oriented policing, zero- tolerance policing, and team policing. The book does not argue for or against any one of these innovations in policing.

1-3 Definition: Law Enforcement Agency A General Service Law Enforcement Agency: Prevents crime Prevents crime Investigates crime and apprehends criminals Investigates crime and apprehends criminals Maintains order Maintains order Provides many other miscellaneous services Provides many other miscellaneous services

1-4 Definition: Police Officer and Peace Officer A police officer is a nonmilitary person who is employed by a government agency and has the legal status of a peace officer. A police officer is a nonmilitary person who is employed by a government agency and has the legal status of a peace officer. A peace officer is a status granted to individuals who have certain powers not available to ordinary citizens and who provide certain legal protections. A peace officer can be police, probation, parole, or corrections officer. A peace officer is a status granted to individuals who have certain powers not available to ordinary citizens and who provide certain legal protections. A peace officer can be police, probation, parole, or corrections officer.

1-5 Myths About Policing The Crime Fighter Myth The Crime Fighter Myth  Enforce the Law  Investigate Crimes  Arrest Criminals Perpetuating the Crime Fighter Image Perpetuating the Crime Fighter Image  Entertainment Media  News Media  Police themselves  Unreasonable jurors  CSI Effect

1-6 The Realities of Policing Complexity of the Police Role Complexity of the Police Role  Ambiguities  Discretion  Conflict Studies of Police Work Studies of Police Work  The Police Service Study Standards for Police Work Standards for Police Work  The American Bar Association

1-7 American Bar Association, Standards Relating to the Urban Police Function American Bar Association, Standards Relating to the Urban Police Function Identify criminal offenders and criminal activity and, when appropriate, apprehend offenders and participate in subsequent court proceedings Identify criminal offenders and criminal activity and, when appropriate, apprehend offenders and participate in subsequent court proceedings Reduce the opportunities for the commission of some crimes through preventive patrol and other measures Reduce the opportunities for the commission of some crimes through preventive patrol and other measures Aid individuals who are in danger of physical harm Aid individuals who are in danger of physical harm Protect constitutional guarantees Protect constitutional guarantees Facilitate the movement of people and vehicles Facilitate the movement of people and vehicles Assist those who cannot care for themselves Assist those who cannot care for themselves Identify potentially serious law enforcement or government problems Identify potentially serious law enforcement or government problems Create and maintain a feeling of security in the community Create and maintain a feeling of security in the community Promote and preserve civil order Promote and preserve civil order Provide other services on an emergency basis Provide other services on an emergency basis

1-8 Citizen Calls for Police Services

1-9 Factors that shape the police role Police are 24/7 Police are 24/7 People call and police promise to respond People call and police promise to respond Police are generalists Police are generalists Authority to use force Authority to use force Police are part of the system of social control Police are part of the system of social control

1-10 Alternative Possibilities Problem-Oriented Policing Problem-Oriented Policing Community Policing Community Policing Zero-Tolerance Policing Zero-Tolerance Policing Honest Law Enforcement Honest Law Enforcement These topics will be discussed in future chapters. These topics will be discussed in future chapters.