Chapter 3 – Policing Role, Styles, Functions and Legal Constraints

 Role defined: the rights and responsibilities associated with a particular position in society  “Public Servant”  Based on expected behaviors from the people being served for that role  “To Serve and Protect”  Conflict arises when trying to perform incompatible responsibilities

 Quick decision making – try to mitigate this with training  Total independence – lack of supervision and sometimes even guidelines  “Dirty Work”  Perceived Danger  This leads to different styles of policing

 Legalistic  Emphasizes total enforcement of the laws and the use of threats or actual arrests to gain compliance  They are enforcers and/or professionals  Watchman  Emphasizes informal means of dispute resolution  Keep the peace at all costs  Tend to be idealists, concentrating on social order and due process  Service  Emphasizes helping the community as opposed to law enforcement  They are optimists, concentrating on due process

 Realists  Are not concerned with social order or due process  Usually very cynical  Also known as reciprocators because they lack the passion to do the job  Avoiders  Don’t want to get involved with the community at all  Do as little as possible to keep the job  No passion for the job and little interest in helping people

 Preventive Patrol  Trolling  Patrolling the streets with little direction in between calls for service  Will more police officers present reduce crime?  Directed Patrol  Systematic use of police resources to target the highest crime areas  Heavy use of Crime Mapping

 Aggressive Patrol  Based on the directive to make several traffic stops and field interrogations  Conduct several arrests for both minor and major offenses  Field interrogation  Temporary detention used when officers find people in suspicious circumstances  Look for things that are out of place  Racial profiling

 Foot Patrol  One of the newest “movements” in Community Policing  No appreciable affect on crime rates  Great deal of influence on Fear of Crime  Helps with SARA  Scanning – id problems  Analysis – understand underlying conditions  Response – develop and implement solutions  Assessment – determine solutions’ effect

 Reasonable suspicion to stop  Probable cause to search  A search is an exploration of people, property or places for the purpose of discovering and identifying evidence, contraband, etc.  Leads to seizure  Can be based on a warrant  Can also be based on an arrest

 Must have probable cause  Must be specific  The Exclusionary Rule  Three purposes  To protect individual rights from police misconduct  To prevent police misconduct  To maintain judicial integrity  Mapp vs. Ohio brought this to the states

 Search incident to arrest  Plain view doctrine  Protective sweeps  Exigent circumstances – safety of the public