Introduction to Biology II Biology 1312 Dr. Brad Hoge Spring 2007 Ecology and The Biosphere

Ernst HaeckelRobert MacArthurRachel Carson Jane Goodall E.O. Wilson

Ecology Biotic –Organisms –systems Abiotic –Physical –Chemical

Time Ecological Time Evolutionary Time (Geologic Time) –A Brief History of Life on EarthA Brief History of Life on Earth

Biotic Factors Niche Space Behavior Dispersal Limiting Resources Predation

Abiotic Factors Climate Water Environment

Global Climate Zones –Ocean Circulation –Air Circulation –Weather Seasons Cycles –Water –Carbon

Biomes

Aquatic Littoral Limnetic –Profundal Zone –Benthos –Oligotrophic Lakes –Eutrophic Lakes –Mesotrophic Lakes

Riparian Rivers and Streams Flood Plains

Wetlands Estuaries Marshes Swamps

Oceans Intertidal Neritic –Continental Shelf –Coral Reefs Pelagic –Abyssal Plains –Mid-Ocean Vents Benthic

Polar Taiga Tundra –Permafrost Alpine

Temperate Deciduous Forest –Old Growth Forests –Rainforests Coniferous Forest Grasslands –Prairie –Savanna –Chaparral –Steppes

Deserts 30 0 Latitudes High Deserts Arctic and Antarctic

Tropical Rain Forest –Canopy –Emergents –Epiphytes –Desertification

Climate Change Boundary Conditions Long-Term Climate Change –Glacial Cycles –Volcanism –Plate Tectonics Anthropogenic Factors

Population Ecology Populations –Density –Dispersal –Diversity –Richness

Life Histories Reproduction Population Growth Carrying Capacity Limiting Factors Life Tables –Survivorship Curve –Reproductive Rates

Reproductive Strategies Ovipary Ovivivipary Vivipary Semelparity Iteroparity

Population Growth Growth Curves  N/  t = B – D Zero population growth Exponential population growth Population crash

Carrying Capacity Limiting Factors Predation –Lotka-Volterra Equations Environmental Change –Succession –Anthropogenic