Chapter 7 Oxidative Phosphorylation

You Must Know How electrons from NADH and FADH 2 are passed to a series of electron acceptors to produce ATP by chemiosmosis. The roles of the mitochondrial membrane, proton (H + ) gradient, and ATP synthase in generating ATP.

Figure Electrons via NADH Glycolysis GlucosePyruvate oxidation Acetyl CoA Citric acid cycle Electrons via NADH and FADH 2 Oxidative phosphorylation: electron transport and chemiosmosis CYTOSOL ATP Substrate-level ATP Substrate-level MITOCHONDRION ATP Oxidative 90%

proton-motive force

ATP synthase uses the exergonic flow of H  to drive phosphorylation of ATP.

Figure 7.14 Protein complex of electron carriers HH HH HH HH Q I II III FADH 2 FAD NAD  NADH (carrying electrons from food) Electron transport chain Oxidative phosphorylation Chemiosmosis ATP synthase HH ADP  ATP P i H2OH2O 2 H   ½ O 2 IV Cyt c 1 2

or Electron shuttles span membrane CYTOSOL 2 NADH 2 FADH 2 2 NADH Glycolysis Glucose 2 Pyruvate oxidation 2 Acetyl CoA Citric acid cycle 6 NADH2 FADH 2 Oxidative phosphorylation: electron transport and chemiosmosis  about 26 or 28 ATP  2 ATP About 30 or 32 ATP Maximum per glucose: MITOCHONDRION During cellular respiration, most energy flows in the following sequence: glucose  NADH  electron transport chain  proton-motive force  ATP.