Vertebrate Physiology Chapter 2 Sketch a cell and label the parts you sketched. On the back, give the function of each part you included in your drawing.
Chapter 2 Cell Physiology Demonstrate full knowledge of cell physiology. This will be measured by having the student sketch a picture of a generalized cell. Students will label, and describe the function of each part, and answer exam questions about major chemical pathways in cells and organelles.
What kind of cell did you draw? Oligodendrocyte Microglia Ependymal cell Astrocyte
Table 2-1 p22
Mitochondria Vault` Pair of centrioles in centrosome Lysosome Microtubules radiating from centrosome Vesicle Golgi complex Cytosol Plasma membrane Microfilaments Smooth ER Endoplasmic reticulum Ribosome (attached to rough ER) Rough ER Nucleus Nuclear pore Free ribosome Peroxisome Fig. 2-1, p. 24
Fig. 2-3, p. 27 Instructions for Building proteins leave the nucleus and enter the cytoplasm. Nucleus Proteins (colored strands) are assembled on ribosomes attached to the ER or free in the cytoplasm. Ribosomes Rough ER Transport vesicles Golgi complex Secretory vesicles Lysosome Secretion (exocytosis) Smooth ER
Golgi complex Transport vesicle from ER, about to fuse with the Golgi membrane Golgi lumen Golgi sacs Golgi complex Vesicles containing finished product Fig. 2-4, p. 28
Secretory vesicle formation Budding from Golgi lumen Membrane of outermost Golgi sac Cytosol Plasma membrane ECF ExocytosisDocking at plasma membrane Uncoating Fig. 2-6, p. 30
Cellular Respiration Cellular respiration has three stages: Glycolysis in the cytosol The citric acid cycle in the mitochondrial matrix Oxidative phosphorylation at the mitochondrial inner membrane
Cytosol Glycolysis Pyruvate to acetate Citric acid cycle Oxidative phosphorylation ATP ADP One 6-carbon glucose molecule Ten separate steps NAD + NADH ATP + P i Two 3-carbon pyruvate molecules Fig. 2-11, p. 35 Glycolysis is an anaerobic process involving 10 sequential reactions Glucose is broken down into two pyruvate molecules Net production of 2 ATP
In mitochondrial matrix Malate Oxaloacetate Citrate Carbon atom Fumarate Succinate Succin yl Ketoglutarate Isocitrate Acetyl-CoA Pyruvate Key C 4C 6C 3C + 1C Fig. 2-12, p. 36 The citric acid cycle is an aerobic process involving 8 reactions Pyruvate from glycolysis is converted to acetyl CoA in the mitochondrial matrix Acetyl CoA then enters citric acid cycle Net production of 2 ATP Hydrogen carrier molecules enter oxidative phosphorylation
Cytosol Outer mitochondrial membrane Intermembrane space Inner mito- chondrial membrane Low H+ Electron transport system Electrons flow through a series of electron carriers from high-energy to low-energy levels; the energy released builds an H+ gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Chemiosmosis ATP synthase catalyzes ATP synthesis using energy from the H+ gradient across the membrane. Head- piece ATP synthase High H+ Complex II Complex III Complex IV Mitochondrial matrix Oxidative phosphorylation Complex I Fig. 2-13, p Ubiquinone (CoQ) cyt c Basal unit Stalk
Where a messenger RNA fits through a ribosome (a) Ribosome Ribosomes Large ribosomal subunit Small ribosomal subunit Fig. 2-17, p. 44
Tubulin subunit (a) Microtubule(b) Microfilament(c) Keratin, an intermediate filament Actin subunit Keratin protofibril Fig. 2-21, p. 48 Keratin filament Keratin subunit
(a) Structure of cilium or flagellum Basal body (centriole) Plasma membrane (cell surface) Base of flagellum or cilium Fig. 2-24a, p. 51
Table 2-2a p47
Table 2-2b p47
Table 2-2c p47