Unit 5: Animal Systems

Objectives 5.1 Define terms 5.2 Identify careers in the Animal Systems Pathway. (animal nutritionist, animal trainer, veterinarian) 5.3 Distinguish between categories of animals (beef, sheep, dairy, swine, goats, poultry, aquaculture, equine, wildlife, specialty animal, small animal) (AS a) 5.4Discuss gender and age classification terminology of cattle, chickens, swine, sheep, goats and horses. (adult male, adult female, young female, castrated male and newborn) (AS a)

Objectives Cont. 5.5 Classify breeds within livestock categories. ▫Beef cattle: Angus, Brahman, Charolais, Hereford ▫Dairy cattle: Holstein ▫Meat sheep: Hampshire, Suffolk ▫Wool sheep: Rambouillet ▫Meat goat: Boer ▫Dairy goat: Nubian ▫Swine: Duroc, Yorkshire, Hampshire, Landrace 5.6 List products obtained from animal origins. (beef, pork, lamb, veal, poultry, mutton, milk, wool, eggs, fish) 5.7 Classify livestock by digestive systems. (Monogastric, ruminant)

5.1 Define Terms 1.Animal welfare -- line of thinking that proposed that animals should be treated well and that their comfort and well-being should be considered in their production 2.Animal rights -- line of thinking that proposed that animals have the same rights as people 3.Breed -- group of animals having similar characteristics that are passed on to their offspring 4.Monogastric -- literally means "one stomach"; a simple stomached animal 5.Ruminant -- any animal having a multiple compartment stomach and being capable of digesting roughages

Animal Nutritionist General Information: ▫They study the absorption and effects nutrients have on animal systems and finds ways to improve or manipulate the nutritive health of animals. Salary: $53,800 Annual Average Educational Requirements: 4 year degree Suggested High School/Collegiate Courses: ▫Agriculture, math and computers. Masters Degree preferred.

Animal Trainer General Information: ▫Animal Trainers teach animals, aquatic mammals, and birds to obey commands, to compete in races or shows or to perform tricks. May also teach seeing eye dogs or guard dogs. Salary: $25,950 Annual Average Educational Requirements: Vocational/Certificate Suggested High School/Collegiate Courses: ▫Agriculture, speech, communications and drama. Specialized training and certification

Veterinarian General Information: ▫Veterinarians are doctors who care for animals by diagnosing illnesses, treating ill and injured animals, vaccinating animals, and providing advice on care and breeding. Veterinarians also work in research, teaching, food safety, public health, and many Salary: $75,230 Annual Average Educational Requirements: PhD Suggested High School/Collegiate Courses: ▫Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Physiology, Biochemistry, Organic Chemistry, Math

Beef vs. Dairy Main purpose is to produce MEAT. Main purpose is to produce MILK.

Sheepvs. Goats

Match the Categories of Animals A.Swine B.Poultry C.Aquaculture D.Equine E.Wildlife F.Specialty Animal G.Small Animal __1. Pork __2. Example: Deer and Ducks __3. Horses __4. Production of aquatic plants and animals. __5. Chickens __6. Example of producing rabbits or hamsters. __7. Production of a specialized animal.

How are common livestock and companion animals classified? Animals are classified by species, age, and sexual state. ▫It is important to use the appropriate names when referring to animals. A. Age is a means of determining the difference between mature animals and immature animals. B. Sexual state is another way of classifying animals.

How are common livestock and companion animals classified? 1. Male or female is one distinction. 2. Another is whether an animal is in its natural sexual state or whether it has undergone sexual alteration known as neutering. ▫An animal is neutered to prevent it from reproducing or to cause it to express desired traits. ▫For example, neutering may increase the rate of growth and the quality of meat.

How are common livestock and companion animals classified? ▫Two types of neutering are castration and spaying.  a. Castration is the removal or destruction of the testicles of a male so it does not breed.  b. Spaying is the removal of the ovaries or the cutting of the fallopian tubes of a female so an egg cannot enter the uterus, where it may be fertilized and develop as an embryo and fetus.

How are common livestock and companion animals classified? The following are common names of cattle. ▫1. Adult male is a bull. ▫2. Adult female is a cow. ▫3. A young female is a heifer. ▫4. A castrated male is a steer. ▫5. A newborn is a calf.

How are common livestock and companion animals classified? The following are common names of chickens. ▫1. Adult male is a rooster. ▫2. Adult female is a hen. ▫3. A young female is a pullet. ▫4. A castrated male is a capon. ▫5. A newborn is a chick.

How are common livestock and companion animals classified? The following are common names of hogs/swine. ▫1. Adult male is a boar. ▫2. Adult female is a sow. ▫3. A young female is a gilt. ▫4. A castrated male is a barrow. ▫5. A newborn is a pig or piglet.

How are common livestock and companion animals classified? The following are common names of sheep. ▫1. Adult male is a ram. ▫2. Adult female is a ewe. ▫3. A young female is a ewe lamb. ▫4. A castrated male is a wether. ▫5. A newborn is a lamb.

How are common livestock and companion animals classified? The following are common names of goats. ▫1. Adult male is a buck. ▫2. Adult female is a doe. ▫3. A young female is a doeling. ▫4. A castrated male is a wether. ▫5. A newborn is a kid.

How are common livestock and companion animals classified? The following are common names of horses. ▫1. Adult male is a stallion. ▫2. Adult female is a mare. ▫3. A young female is a filly. ▫4. A castrated male is a gelding. ▫5. A newborn is a foal.

Adult MaleAdult Female Young Female Castrated Male Newborn Cattle Bovine BullCowHeiferSteerCalf Chickens Avian RoosterHenPulletCaponChick Hogs Swine BoarSowGiltBarrowPiglet SheepRamEweEwe LambWetherLamb GoatsBuckDoeDoelingWetherKid Horses Equine StallionMareFillyGeldingFoal

Beef Cattle Angus, Brahman, Charolais, Hereford

Dairy cattle: Holstein

Meat sheep Hampshire, Suffolk

Wool sheep: Rambouillet

Meat goat: Boer

Dairy goat: Nubian

Swine Duroc, Yorkshire, Hampshire, Landrace

Breeds Project Your Group will create a PowerPoint for your assigned breed that includes: ▫Title Slide with the Breed Name, Picture, and everyone in your group. ▫Picture of the Breed ▫Origin ▫Color ▫Common Characteristics

Black Angus

Origin of the Black Angus They were developed from cattle native to the counties of Aberdeenshire and Angus in Scotland, and are known as Aberdeen Angus in most parts of the world.

Color They are naturally polled (do not have horns) and solid black or red, although the udder may be white. There have always been both red and black individuals in the population, and in the USA they are regarded as two separate breeds - Red Angus and Black Angus.

Common Characteristics Black Angus is the most popular beef breed of cattle in the United States, with 324,266 animals registered in They are also used as a genetic dehorner as the polled gene is passed on as a dominant trait.

What are some ways animals provide foods for people? Animals provide many foods that people enjoy. These foods are high in nutrients and help people live healthy lives. Foods from animals primarily include meat, milk, and eggs. Some animals give more than one kind of food product. ▫For example, chickens provide both meat and eggs.

What are some ways animals provide foods for people? A. Meat may come from animals raised on farms or ranches, or it may come from wild animals. ▫A meat animal is an animal raised especially for its meat. ▫Some animals raised for meat are cattle, fish, turkeys, chickens, swine, and sheep. ▫Horses are used for meat in some countries.

What are some ways animals provide foods for people? ▫Milk is primarily from cattle. ▫Cattle specially grown to produce milk are called dairy cattle. ▫Goats and a few other animals are sometimes milked. ▫Eggs are primarily from chickens. ▫A few other species may produce eggs for human food, including guineas and ducks. ▫Some people enjoy fish eggs, known as caviar.

What are some ways animals provide foods for people? B. Wild animals used for food include deer, rabbit, quail, and fish. ▫Wild animals are not classified as livestock. ▫They are known as game or wildlife. ▫Game is wildlife hunted for food or other uses.

What are some ways animals provide clothing for people? Livestock provides fiber and skins for the production of clothing. Clothing is made from many different animals’ byproducts. A byproduct is a product made from the parts of an animal that are not used for food. The demand for animal fibers for clothing is lower now than in the past because of the increased use of synthetic fibers for clothing.

What are some ways animals provide clothing for people? A. Some animals are raised specifically for products used to make clothing. ▫Some of the most common are mink raised for their fur and certain breeds of sheep raised primarily for their wool. ▫Although other animal fibers are decreasing in demand, the use of wool in the United States has been almost constant for the past decade. ▫A special quality cloth is made from mohair, a product of angora goats.

What are some ways animals provide clothing for people? B. Clothing may be made from animal skin (hide) or hair. ▫Bones, antlers, and other animal parts may also be used. ▫The prepared skin of an animal is known as leather. ▫Between 5 and 10 percent of the market value of animals comes from the sale of hides.

What are some other ways animals help people? Some functions of livestock benefit all of society. Other functions are important mainly to individual farms. Taken together, the functions of livestock are a vital part of the total agricultural industry of the nation. Besides providing food and clothing, animals help people in several other ways, such as:

Livestock Products

Name the Meat from each type of animal? 1. Cattle 2. Sheep 3. Pigs 4. Goats Chevon Pork Beef/Veal Mutton

Name the Meat from each type of animal? 1. Beef Cattle 2. Sheep 3. Pigs 4. Goats Chevon Pork Beef/Veal Mutton

Types of Digestive Systems Ruminant  Cattle, Sheep, and Goats Non-ruminant ▫Two Types  Monogastric  Hogs and Chickens  Pseudo-ruminant  Horses

Ruminant Digestive System

4 Compartments of the Ruminant Digestive System Rumen - large fermentation vat; also called the "paunch" – anaerobic – Temperature = 39 o C (103 o F) – saturated with gasses – constant motion Reticulum – "honeycomb" – catches hardware (ingested by animal) Omasum – "manyplies" – full of folded tissue – water absorption Abomasum – true stomach

Examples: Humans, Pigs, and Cats Parts of Digestive System: ▫Mouth ▫Esophagus ▫Stomach ▫Small Intestine ▫Cecum ▫Large Intestine Non-ruminant/Monogastric

Monogastric Pig Example

Monogastric Poultry Example Crop – feed storage and moistening Proventriculus – glandular stomach (HCI and gastric juices); enzymatic Gizzard – muscular stomach; mechanical breakdown Cloaca – common chamber for GI and urinary tracts Vent – common exit for GI and urinary tracts

Pseudo-ruminant Horse Example ▫In a pseudo-ruminant, such as a horse, feed is fermented and digested by bacterial action in the cecum. ▫Nutrient absorption also occurs in the cecum. ▫ In a non-ruminant animal, the cecum is extremely large and provides areas for microbial digestion of fiber.

Review 5.1 Define terms 5.2 Identify careers in the Animal Systems Pathway. (animal nutritionist, animal trainer, veterinarian) 5.3 Distinguish between categories of animals (beef, sheep, dairy, swine, goats, poultry, aquaculture, equine, wildlife, specialty animal, small animal) (AS a) 5.4Discuss gender and age classification terminology of cattle, chickens, swine, sheep, goats and horses. (adult male, adult female, young female, castrated male and newborn) (AS a)

Review Cont. 5.5 Classify breeds within livestock categories. ▫Beef cattle: Angus, Brahman, Charolais, Hereford ▫Dairy cattle: Holstein ▫Meat sheep: Hampshire, Suffolk ▫Wool sheep: Rambouillet ▫Meat goat: Boer ▫Dairy goat: Nubian ▫Swine: Duroc, Yorkshire, Hampshire, Landrace 5.6 List products obtained from animal origins. (beef, pork, lamb, veal, poultry, mutton, milk, wool, eggs, fish) 5.7 Classify livestock by digestive systems. (Monogastric, ruminant)