The Hellenistic Era: Greek Urbanism After Democracy.

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Presentation transcript:

The Hellenistic Era: Greek Urbanism After Democracy

Sanctuary of Athena, Lindos, Greece, 3 rd – 2 nd century B.C. I. Hellenistic acropolis design

Sanctuary of Athena, Lindos on the island of Rhodes I.

Sanctuary of Athena at Lindos Classical acropolis design Hellenistic acropolis design The Acropolis in Athens

I. Sanctuary of Athena at Lindos in the Classical period in the Hellenistic period Monarchy: Ruler cult and its architecture Subjectivity: stress on introspection/interior experience Theatricality: drama and/or pictorial illusion in design Choreography: directed paths

Sanctuary of Athena at Lindos I. A. What are five central themes of Hellenistic spatial planning and how do they relate to the interrelated Hellenistic contexts of monarchy and subjectivity? I. A. 1. monumental stairs

I. A. 2. sweeping sight lines Sanctuary of Athena at Lindos

I. A. 3. terracing Sanctuary of Athena at Lindos. through the winged Doric stoa in front of a propylaia

I. A. 3. Sanctuary of Athena at Lindos

I. A. 3. Sanctuary of Athena at Lindos

I. A. 4. frontality Sanctuary of Athena at Lindos

I. A. 4. Sanctuary of Athena at Lindos

I. A. 5. dynamic tension Sanctuary of Athena at Lindos dynamic tension between the old temple and the new setting columns do not line up

I. B. In reviewing for exam, be ready to account for the options/experience of the viewer in a Hellenistic sanctuary compared to a Classical sanctuary Classical acropolis in AthensHellenistic acropolis in Lindos

I. C. Nature: How has the role of nature in the architectural setting changed in the Hellenistic period compared to the Classical period? Hellenistic redesign in LindosClassical setting in Lindos

II. Hellenistic city design: A monarchy proposes an enticing alternative to the democratic polis City plan and Great Altar in Pergamon, Turkey, B.C. 4.

II. Pergamon’s Great Altar as reconstructed in Berlin’s State Museum in 1929

II. Pergamon, Turkey capital of the Attalid dynasty, B.C. Portrait of King Attalos I

Roman addition Pergamon 1 st phase Pergamon 2 nd phase Pergamon, Turkey (Ionia) II. 1.

II. A. How did the Attalids use design to position their city as the inevitable destiny of centuries of Greek culture: 1. by paying homage to the Mycenaean past? Bronze-Age citadel/palaceClassical polisHellenistic polis on the hill Mycenae, Greece Athens agora acropolis Priene Pergamon 2.

Pergamon – the Athena terrace II. A. 2. by proposing itself as the new Athens?

Propylon gate entrance to the Athena terraceStoa on the Athena terrace II. A. 2.

II. B. How did the Attalids play down personal aspects of their autocratic rule? Royal Palace addition by King Eumenes IIRoyal Palace buildings

III. Subjectivity: How the design of Pergamon overpowers the personal in mesmerizing environments Pergamon

Hellenistic PergamonHellenistic Lindos III. A. 1. How does the design flaunt anti-Hippodamian design ideals in its use of: 1. angles? Classical Priene 5.

Priene, Turkey (Ionia) Pergamon, Turkey (Ionia) terraces ignore topography in order to “reveal” Pythagorean substratum terraces augment the topography III. A. 2. terraces?

III. A. 2. Pergamon

III. A. 2.

Pergamon – Athena Terrace III. A. 2.

Pergamon library on the Athena terrace III. A. 2.

Pergamon library section III. A. 2.

III. C. How is architecture used to fortify the natural contours of the mountain site? Pergamon: theater terrace and 700' long stoa 6.

III. C. Pergamon upper city: theater terrace and 700' long stoa

III. C. Pergamon lower city: gym on three levels

III. D. What psychological effects does this highly arbitrary but dramatic environment have on subjects? Pergamon, Turkey (Ionia)

IV. Architecture: Molding traditional buildings into a monarchical ideology Roman numeral IV is not on the exam in Cancel the Great Altar of Pergamon from the monument’s list.