Introduction To Networking. Requirements for Internet connection Connections can be seen as 2 components: The physical connection: transfers signals between.

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Introduction to Networking You should know some of this!!

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Presentation transcript:

Introduction To Networking

Requirements for Internet connection Connections can be seen as 2 components: The physical connection: transfers signals between a PC and a remote device on the Internet by connecting an expansion card such as a modem or a NIC from a PC to a network, most often via an Ethernet cable. The logical connection: uses protocols. A protocol is a formal description of a set of rules and conventions that govern how components on a network communicate. Ex: TCP/IP

A network card (NIC) is an expansion card that is inserted into a computer to allow it to connect to the network. It can also be an integrated component The NIC communicates with the network through a serial connection and within the computer through parallel connections. You may need to install a NIC when: adding a NIC to a PC that does not already have one. replacing a bad or damaged NIC. when upgrading from a 10 Mb to a 10/100 Mb or even a Gigabit NIC.

You will select a NIC based on:  Type of protocol (Ethernet, Token Ring, or FDDI) your network is running;  Type of Media (UTP, Coax, Fiber) your network is wired with;  Type of System Bus (PCI, PCI Express, USB) used in your PC. NIC or Lan Adapter

High-speed and dial-up connectivity In the 1970s, modems provided connectivity for dumb terminals to a centrally based computer The connection rate was very slow, about 30 characters/second. In the 1980s, the transfer of large files and graphics became desirable. In the 1990s modems were running at 9600 bps and reached the current standard of 56 kbps by By 2000, high speed services moved from the corporate environment to the consumer market, and DSL and cable modems are "always on" high speed services that provide near instant access.

TCP/IP description and configuration TCP/IP is a set of protocols or rules developed to allow cooperating computers to share resources across a network. To enable TCP/IP on the workstation, it must be configured using the operating system tools

Testing connectivity with ping Ping is a utility used to verify Internet connectivity. Ping works by sending multiple IP packets to a specified destination. Each packet sent is a request for a reply. Ping : verifies the operation of the TCP/IP stack and transmit/receive function within the NIC, and never enter the network. We call this a loopback.

Testing connectivity with ping If you ping the IP address of host computer, you verify the TCP/IP address configuration for the local host and connectivity to the host. Pinging the default-gateway IP address ensures you can reach the router port, which is the edge of your LAN network, and the gateway to the rest of the network beyond your LAN. Pinging the remote destination IP address sends the ICMP ping packets through the network to the distant end, verifying a complete network connectivity.

A Web browser acts on behalf of a user by: –contacting a Web server –requesting information –receiving information –displaying the results on a screen The first popular browser was Netscape Navigator Web Browsers include:  Google Chrome  Internet Explorer  Mozilla Firefox  Opera  Safari Web browser and plug-ins

Web Browsers - interpret hypertext markup language (HTML) – the language used to code Web page content. Hyperlinks - computer program commands that point to other places Plug-ins - application programs that run proprietary files that Web browsers are unable to interpret: Flash - plays multimedia files Quicktime – plays video files, which was created by Apple Real Player – plays audio files and other possible web applications.