DNA NOTES Chapter 11

What does DNA stand for? __________________________ DNA is made up of single units (building blocks) called ______________

What is DNA? DNA is a set of _______________________ _______________________ DNA contains _______, which make us who we are. Genes are pieces of DNA that code for a particular protein or trait.

Who do you think James Watson and Francis Crick are? They _____________________ ___________________________

Also, the discovery of its shape was made with help of Rosalind Franklin, a person who used x- ray crystallography to photograph DNA.

DNA is made up of four nucleotides: _______________

A nucleotide is composed of three parts _______________________

 Two of the nitrogenous bases are ___________ and two nitrogenous bases are ______________  The two pyrimidine bases are _____________ & ______________.  The two purine bases are _____________ & _____________.

Purines always pair up with pyrimidines!

 DNA is shaped like a twisted ladder also called a ____________

The rungs of the ladder are the __________________. The sides of the ladder are the ____________________.

There are different types of bonds holding DNA together.  The bonds between the phosphates and sugar are _________________________

 The bonds between the nitrogenous bases are _________________________ Between Adenine and Thymine there is a __________________ Between Guanine and Cytosine there is a ______________

 Where is DNA found in a eukaryotic cell? _________________________  Where is DNA found in a prokaryotic cell?____________ _________________________

What is DNA REPLICATION? Why does it occur? ______________________ _____________________to ______________________ ______________________ _

Remember the Cell Cycle? During the S phase of Interphase, the DNA needs to make a copy of itself to prepare for cell division.

Explain semi-conservative replication: ______________________ ______________________ _____________________

Base pairing is easy to remember because:  ____________________

Purines always pair up with pyrimidines!

What is a replication fork? _____________________ _____________________

 DNA Helicase is an ______________________ ______________________  DNA Polymerase is an ______________________ ______________________ ______________________

Define Antiparallel Chains:

Describe the process of “SEMI-CONSERVATIVE DNA REPLICATION” 1. ______________________ ______________________ 1.

Describe the process of “SEMI-CONSERVATIVE DNA REPLICATION” 1. ____________________ ____________________ 2.

Describe the process of “SEMI-CONSERVATIVE DNA REPLICATION” 1. ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ 3.

Describe the process of “SEMI-CONSERVATIVE DNA REPLICATION” 1. ____________________ 4.