Sources of law Judicial Precedent. What you need to know Stare decisis – stand by what has been decided Stare decisis – stand by what has been decided.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
PREPARED BY ERROL GOODRIDGE SAFETY AND HEALTH OFFICER LABOUR DEPARTMENT Case Law : Safety and Health.
Advertisements

Lecturer: Miljen Matijašević G10, room 6/I, Tue 15:30-16:30 Session 6, 21 Nov 2014.
By Vikash kumar, Yashvardhan Singh & group 1 ST YEAR (B.B.A LLb.)
University of Hertfordshire
Outcome 3: SAC Preparation Wednesday 5 June 2013.
Our Precedential Court System
Doctrine of Precedent.
 Judges may not always have to follow a previous precedent and in some cases, may be free to create new precedents. Apart from following a binding precedent,
Methods of Avoiding Judicial Precedent
The Doctrine of Precedent
Sources of Law Precedent
A Level Law Precedent Notes:.
THE DOCTRINE OF PRECEDENT
Overview, Binding and Persuasive predent
UNWRITTEN LAW JUDICIAL DECISION.
CASE LAW: STARE DECISIS
UNIT 3 LEGAL STUDIES AO3- THE ROLE OF THE COURTS
Judicial Precedent by Lisa Incledon.
English Legal System Judicial Precedent
Precedent in INDIAN LAW by Gunjan Pathak. Precedent A principle of Jurisprudence or policy of Courts by which the Courts and Authorities are required.
Business Law 1 Case Law The hierarchy of the courts.
Doctrine of Precedent.
Doctrine Of Precedent Group Members Saumya kaushik Samridhi Sikha Das Sana Jahan Satyam Kharbanda Rumani Dutta.
Topic 4 Case Law Mark Van Hoorebeek Made by Judges Based on reasoning by analogy Adversarial What is case law?
Precedent Topic 7.
UNIT 5 The Hierarchy of the Courts The Doctrine of Precedent.
The Structure and Function of Courts and Tribunals.
Judicial Precedent.
The Doctrine of Precedent
Common Law Legal Studies 3C.
Evaluation of Law-Making Through Courts. Evaluation The main role of the courts is to resolve disputes. Precedent develops as judges reach decisions in.
Doctrine of Judicial Precedent Produced by Dr Peter Jepson applying ‘The English Legal System’ by J Martin (5th edition). Précis Notes will be checked.
COMMON LAW, CASE LAW AND PRECEDENT
Sources of law Judicial Precedent.
The English Legal System Judicial Precedent or ‘Stare Decisis’ Reading a Case.
Copyright Guy Harley 2004 Introductory & Contract Law Week 3.
4.2 – Role of Judges in Common Law 1. The main role of courts  decide the facts of the case (that is, what happened)  decide what law applies  apply.
Topic 3 Judicial precedent Should the Court of Appeal have a Practice Statement?
1 Judicial Precedent = Avoiding precedent Date: Date: Saturday, 04 June 2016 Lesson Outcomes: Define the terms ‘overruling’, ‘distinguishing’, ‘disapproving’
B.A BUSINESS STUDIES BUS361 BUSINESS LAW. Ms. Natalie Alkiviadou.
Doctrine of Judicial Precedent Précis Notes will be checked Prior to these lessons you should have read and précised chapter 3 of “The English Legal System”
The Doctrine of Precedent. Common law Common law is also known as judge-made law, case, law or precedent law.
Lesson Objective: To revise some, and become familiar with other, necessary terminology for judicial precedent.
YR 12 LEGAL STUDIES How courts make law. Chapter overview This chapter looks at the concepts of Common law Doctrine of precedent Judgments and precedents.
Judicial Precedent The Doctrine and Court Structure.
Law LA1: Precedent Precedent Unit 2 AS. Law LA1: Precedent Objectives What You Need to Know: What is meant by a system of binding precedent The court.
Judicial Precedent The Doctrine of Precedent: the hierarchy of the courts; stare decisis, ratio decidendi and obiter dicta; law reporting. The operation.
Judicial Precedent As Law. Judicial Precedent Judicial precedent refers to sources of law where past decisions of the judges create law for future judges.
THE ABILITY OF JUDGES TO MAKE LAW. INTRODUCTION: COMMON LAW  Common law – founded in England, adopted by Australia  It is law developed through the.
The Role of the Courts. What is Common Law? Common Law is law developed through the courts. Also known as Judge-made law and case law. It is created when.
English for Lawyers 1 Lecturer: Miljen Matijašević
Judicial Precedent.
Common Law Legal Studies 3C.
The Doctrine of Precedent
Week 6 – How legal rules are created by precedent
Understanding Law making
JUDICIAL PRECEDENT.
How to avoid following a precedent?
UNIT 8 THE HIERARCHY OF COURTS AND THE DOCTRINE OF PRECEDENT
Common Law: Law making through the courts:
Sources of Law 1 The common law
Precedent Key points.
Unit 8 The Hierarchy of English Courts and the Doctrine of Precedent
Judicial Precedent – Hierarchy of the courts
English for Lawyers 2 Lecturer: Miljen Matijašević
Interpreting Precendents
Interpreting Precendents
The Role of the Courts in Law-Making
Precedent.
Precedent….
Presentation transcript:

Sources of law Judicial Precedent

What you need to know Stare decisis – stand by what has been decided Stare decisis – stand by what has been decided Ratio decidendi- the rule of law on which a decision is based - e.g. (Cunningham) Ratio decidendi- the rule of law on which a decision is based - e.g. (Cunningham) Obiter dicta- things said by the way – aeroplane scenario in (Moloney) Obiter dicta- things said by the way – aeroplane scenario in (Moloney) Persuasive precedent - does not have to be followed e.g. decisions of lower or foreign courts ( Thabo Meli) Persuasive precedent - does not have to be followed e.g. decisions of lower or foreign courts ( Thabo Meli) Binding precedent- has to be followed Binding precedent- has to be followed Original precedent- law made as there was no precedent or statute to follow (Bland) Original precedent- law made as there was no precedent or statute to follow (Bland) Distinguishing two cases as not quite the same so the first one does not have to be followed (Balfour v Balfour, Merritt v Merritt) Distinguishing two cases as not quite the same so the first one does not have to be followed (Balfour v Balfour, Merritt v Merritt) Overruling- a previous decision is ruled wrong so can no longer be used as precedent Overruling- a previous decision is ruled wrong so can no longer be used as precedent Reversing-the result of a case changes as it goes through the appeals process. Reversing-the result of a case changes as it goes through the appeals process.

The Hierarchy of the Courts Courts are usually bound by the courts above them and those on the same level. European Court of Justice European Court of Justice House of Lords House of Lords Court of Appeal Court of Appeal Divisional High Courts Divisional High Courts Inferior Courts Inferior Courts

House of Lords The Practice Statement London Street Tramways London Street Tramways 1966 Lord Gardiner 1966 Lord Gardiner Limitations Limitations When has it been used? When has it been used? Herrington (1972) Herrington (1972) Jones v Secretary of State for Social Services (1972) Jones v Secretary of State for Social Services (1972) Miliangos v George Frank (1976) Miliangos v George Frank (1976) Pepper v Hart (1993) Pepper v Hart (1993)

Criminal cases Criminal cases Shivpuri (1986) overruling Anderton v Ryan (1985) Shivpuri (1986) overruling Anderton v Ryan (1985) R v R (1991) R v R (1991) Rv R & G (2003) overruling Caldwell Rv R & G (2003) overruling Caldwell Lord Denning’s unsuccessful campaign to allow the Court of Appeal to use the Practice Statement. (Broome v Cassell, Miliangos v George Frank) Lord Denning’s unsuccessful campaign to allow the Court of Appeal to use the Practice Statement. (Broome v Cassell, Miliangos v George Frank)

Court of Appeal Young v Bristol Aeroplane Co (1944) Court of Appeal Court of Appeal Usually follow own previous decisions Usually follow own previous decisions 3 exceptions – later HL decision, 2 conflicting decisions, per incuriam. (Williams v Fawcett) 3 exceptions – later HL decision, 2 conflicting decisions, per incuriam. (Williams v Fawcett) Extra exception for criminal cases – “in the interests of justice” Taylor or Gould Extra exception for criminal cases – “in the interests of justice” Taylor or Gould

How has precedent been used to develop the law Law reporting Law reporting Law of Contract (Carlill vThe Carbolic Smoke Ball Co) Law of Contract (Carlill vThe Carbolic Smoke Ball Co) Law of Tort – negligence, (Donoghue v Stevenson) nuisance, trespass Law of Tort – negligence, (Donoghue v Stevenson) nuisance, trespass Criminal law – murder, involuntary manslaughter, many defences Criminal law – murder, involuntary manslaughter, many defences

Advantages and disadvantages of Binding Precedent Advantages Advantages Certainty Certainty Consistency and fairness Consistency and fairness Precision Precision Flexibility Flexibility Timesaving Timesaving Disadvantages Disadvantages Rigidity Rigidity Complexity Complexity Illogical distinguishing Illogical distinguishing Slowness of growth Slowness of growth

Possible reform Codes of law – but they have their own problems Codes of law – but they have their own problems Less rigid precedent Less rigid precedent Prospective overruling Prospective overruling

Common Mistakes Not answering the questions Not answering the questions Confusing the hierarchy of the courts Confusing the hierarchy of the courts Not using the source Not using the source Not looking at dates or which court is in application questions Not looking at dates or which court is in application questions Vagueness Vagueness Not using cases Not using cases Not knowing the material Not knowing the material

How to avoid these mistakes Read the questions and Read the questions and Answer the questions asked Answer the questions asked Use the source Use the source Use other cases or information Use other cases or information Balance your evaluation - make sure you put both sides of an argument Balance your evaluation - make sure you put both sides of an argument Revise thoroughly Revise thoroughly